论发明专利“广义宽限期”规则的利弊和取舍  

On the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Broad Grace Period of Invention Patent and Its Trade-offs

作　　者：张伟君[1] 张校铨 ZHANG Weijun;ZHANG Xiaoquan(School of Law,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院,上海200092

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期105-116,共12页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：长期以来,国内外对一国专利法是否应该采用广义宽限期规则存在争议,目前各国专利法也依然各自为政。美国先发明原则带来的副产品“法定阻却”规则虽然也被称为“广义宽限期”,但是与先申请原则下存在的“广义宽限期”制度并不一样。在实施先申请原则的国家,不需要借助广义宽限期规则促使发明人尽早申请专利;而且,由于广义宽限期规则本身存在的弊端以及在实践中的价值有限等原因,《欧洲专利公约》及不少欧洲国家都拒绝或放弃了广义宽限期规则。我国目前也可以继续维持“不丧失新颖性的例外”的狭义宽限期,没有必要像日本专利法那样改为广义宽限期。There has long been controversy on whether the Patent Law should provide the inventor a grace period for the patent application both at home and abroad.Countries or regions are still taking different provisions on this issue so far.Although the“statutory bar”as the“by-product”of the first-to-invent rule in the United States is also called the“grace period”,it is different from the grace period under the first-to-file rule.In countries that implement the first-to-file rule,there is no need to use grace period to prompt inventors to file the patent applications.Moreover,the European has rejected the grace period due to its disadvantages and the limited value in practice.Therefore,China can still maintain the exception to lack of novelty and need not to modify the provision like the Japanese Patent Law.

关 键 词：发明专利 新颖性 宽限期 先发明原则 先申请原则 

分 类 号：D913.4[政治法律—民商法学]