数据驱动如何化解制造业不确定性风险?--基于海尔的案例研究  

How to Solve the Manufacturing Uncertainty Risk by Data Driven?--A Case Study Based on Haier

作　　者：李少帅 孙丽文[1] LI Shao-shuai;SUN Li-wen(School of Economics and Management,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学经济管理学院,天津300401

出　　处：《研究与发展管理》2021年第6期5-17,共13页R&D Management

基　　金：河北省教育厅人文社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“创新驱动战略下河北省传统产业转型升级路径研究”(ZD201717)。

摘　　要：新一轮科技革命和产业革命来袭,组织面临环境不确定性的风险陡增。数据驱动为化解不确定性风险提供了新的可能途径,但目前对数据驱动与企业战略、创新管理等方面的认识仍不够深入和全面。本文选取海尔为案例研究对象,探索制造业企业如何以数据驱动应对和有效化解不确定性风险,并构建中国制造业企业基于数据驱动化解不确定性风险的过程模型。研究发现:制造业企业在创新战略制定、组织架构设计及生产制造转型3个层面均面临不确定性风险。数据驱动类型可归结为组织数据驱动(生产数据、运行数据及平台数据)、用户数据驱动和环境数据驱动,制造业企业以环境数据和平台数据汇聚融合为创新战略制定提供强大动态支撑、以用户数据和运行数据有机结合为组织架构设计提供内在核心动力、以用户数据和生产流程数据相互融通为生产制造提供强劲转型引擎。数据驱动化解不确定性风险机理及过程可概括为基于不同类型的数据驱动构建管理机制,进一步形成多层面数据驱动能力,最终化解战略层面、组织层面及执行层面的不确定性风险。With a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution,organizations face the the risk of environmental uncertainty increased sharply. Data driven provides a new possible way to resolve uncertain risks,the current understanding of data driven,enterprise strategy and innovation management is still not deep and comprehensive. It selected Haier as the research object and explored how manufacturing enterprises effectively resolve uncertain risks by data driven,and build a process model for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to resolve uncertain risks based on data driven. It found that manufacturing enterprises face uncertainty risks at the three levels of innovation strategy formulation,organizational structure design,and manufacturing transformation. Data driven types can be attributed to organizational data driven(production data,operating data,and platform data),user data driven,and environmental data driven. Manufacturing enterprises provide dynamic support for the formulation of innovative strategies by making use of environmental data and platform data,provide internal power for organizational structure design by making use of user data and operating data,provide powerful transformation engine for manufacturing by making use of user data and production process data. The data driven mechanism and process of resolving uncertain risks can be summarized as building management mechanisms based on different types of data driven,forming multilevel data driven capabilities,ultimately resolve the risk of uncertainty at the strategic level,organizational level,and execution level.

关 键 词：数据驱动 不确定性 风险化解 战略制定 组织架构设计 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]