新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂对小麦秸秆还田在水稻田的施用剂量评价  

Application Dose of New Microbial Inoculants on Wheat Straw Decomposition:An Evaluation in Paddy Field

作　　者：李磊 陈守保 孙小玉 甄静 李冠杰[1,2] 岳丹丹 宁萌[1] 慕琦 杨金星[1] 陈国参 高丁石[4] 王继雯 Li Lei;Chen Shoubao;Sun Xiaoyu;Zhen Jing;Li Guanjie;Yue Dandan;Ning Meng;Mu Qi;Yang Jinxing;ChenGuocan;Gao Dingshi;Wang Jiwen(Institute of Biology Co.,Ltd.,Henan Academy of Science,Zhengzhou 450008,Henan,China;Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450008,Henan,China;Zhengzhou Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Service Center,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,China;Agriculture Bureau of Huaxian County,Henan Province,Huaxian 456400,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科学院生物研究所有限责任公司,郑州450008 [2]河南省微生物工程重点实验室,郑州450008 [3]郑州市现代农业科技服务中心,郑州450000 [4]河南省滑县农业局,河南滑县456400

出　　处：《农学学报》2021年第11期1-5,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：河南省科技开放合作项目“新型快速秸秆促腐菌剂的开发与应用示范”(182106000053);河南省科学院助推科技成果转化项目“高活性生物有机肥的开发及应用示范”(210205031);河南省科学院科技开发补助项目“新型复合微生物肥料的示范推广与应用”(200305002);河南省科学院助推科技成果转化项目“秸秆快速还田促腐菌剂的示范与应用”(210205028)。

摘　　要：为了探讨新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂对小麦秸秆还田在水稻田的施用剂量和促生效果,进行了相关的大田试验。本试验在常规施肥和小麦秸秆粉碎还田的基础上设置了M1(CK),M2 (30 kg/hm^(2)),M3 (75 kg/hm^(2))和M4 (120 kg/hm^(2))4个梯度的促腐菌剂施用剂量,研究了不同施用剂量对水稻成产因素以及水稻产量的影响。研究表明,施用新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂不仅可以促进秸秆降解,且对每公顷水稻的穗数、穗粒数及产量影响显著。与对照组M1相比,M3 (75 kg/hm^(2))组促产效果最好,其中每公顷穗数为466.35万穗,比对照提高了16.09%;穗粒数为86.03比对照提高了12.12%。在实际产量方面M3组为7510.35 kg/hm^(2),比对照提高了12.94%。土壤理化性质表明,促腐菌剂显著提高了土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量,与对照组相比分别提高了93.33%、18.13%和46.93%。该试验评价了施用不同剂量新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂对小麦秸秆在水稻田降解及水稻产量的影响,为新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂的研发奠定了理论基础。To explore the application dosage and growth-promoting effect of the new fast straw return to field rot-promoting fungicide on the wheat straw return in rice field, a related field experiment was carried out. On the basis of conventional fertilization and wheat straw crushing and returning to field, 4 gradients of application dosage were set up: M1(CK), M2(30 kg/hm^(2)), M3(75 kg/hm^(2)) and M4(120 kg/hm^(2)), and the effect of different application dosages on rice yield factors and rice yield was studied. The results showed that the application of the new fast straw returning fungicide not only promoted the degradation of straw, but also had a significant impact on the number of ears, grains per hectare and yield of rice. Compared with the control group M1, the M3(75 kg/hm^(2)) group had the best yield promotion effect, and the number of ears per hectare was 4.6635 million,increased by 16.09%;the number of grains per hectare was 86.03, increased by 12.12%. In terms of actual yield, the yield of M3 group was 7510.35 kg/hm^(2), which was 12.94% higher than that of the control. The physical and chemical properties of soil showed that the decay promoter significantly increased the content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in soil, which was increased by93.33%, 18.13% and 46.93%, respectively, compared with the control group. In conclusion, this study evaluated the effects of applying different dosages of new fast straw-returning fungicide on the degradation of wheat straw in rice field and on rice yield, and lays a foundation for future research.

关 键 词：小麦秸秆还田 促腐菌剂 水稻 成产因素 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]