略论国民党政府反日舆论宣传的政策逻辑——从济南惨案到“八一三”事变  

A Brief Review on the Anti-Japanese Public Opinion Propaganda Policy of the KMT Government in the Ten Years Before the Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：刘继忠[1] Liu Jizhong

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学新闻与传播学院,南京210023

出　　处：《新闻春秋》2021年第6期73-82,共10页Journalism Evolution

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金点项目“党报群众路线的百年实践研究(1920-2020)”(13820154);国家社科基金后期资助项目“社会化媒体空间表达与治理研究”(18FXW013)。

摘　　要：面对日本"拧紧螺丝"的局部侵略对中华民族的严重威胁,国民党蒋介石集团在"攘外必先安内"框架内展开了反日舆论民族主义操控。其反日舆论政策形成于"五三"惨案,"九·一八"至"一·二八"走向失控,淞沪停战签订后蒋介石着手调适,国民党第五次全国代表大会后在内外压力下转向抗战动员。这一政策的本质是在"战略反日"旨趣下利用国家民族主义,以动员、安抚、分流与规制等手段规训抗议型民族主义,将民众纳入国民党政府反日路线的"正轨"。国民党反日舆论宣传政策深受宁粤权势结构的制衡,漏洞百出、矛盾重重,在全民族抗战大局压力下虽胜犹败。国民党的反日舆论政策集中了违反舆论宣传规律的各种表现,彰显了中共抗日民族统一战线的历史进步性,其经验教训是一部有历史价值的"反面教材"。Faced with the serious threat to the Chinese nation from Japan’s "tightening the screws" local aggression, the KMT Chiang Kai-shek Group launched anti-Japanese public opinion nationalist manipulation within the framework of stabilizing domestic situation before resisting foreign aggression. Their anti-Japanese public opinion policy was formed in the Jinan Massacre. From September 18 th to January 28 th, it went out of control. After the Shanghai armistice was signed, Chiang Kai-shek began to adjust, and after the Fifth National Congress, he turned to mobilization for resistance against Japan under internal and external pressure. The essence of this policy is to use state nationalism under the purport of "strategic anti-Japanese", to mobilize, appease, divert and regulate protest nationalism, and to bring people into the "right track" of the KMT government’s anti-Japanese route. The KMT’s anti-Japanese public opinion propaganda policy was deeply checked and balanced by the power structure of Nanjing and Guangdong. It was full of loopholes and contradictions. Under the pressure of the overall situation of the whole nation’s war of resistance, it was defeated despite victory. The KMT’s anti-Japanese public opinion policy focused on various manifestations that violated the laws of public opinion and propaganda, and demonstrated the historical progress of the CCP’s Anti-Japanese National United Front. Its experience and lessons are a "negative teaching material" that still has historical value for current public opinion propaganda in China.

关 键 词：反日舆论宣传政策 国家民族主义 蒋介石 攘外必先安内 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]