添加生化抑制剂和腐植酸的稳定性增效尿素在黄土中的施用效果  

Application effect of high efficiency and stability urea added with biochemical inhibitors and humic acid in loess

作　　者：肖富容 李东坡[1,3] 武志杰 薛妍[1] 崔磊[1,2] 张可 李永华 郑野 XIAO Fu-rong;LI Dong-po;WU Zhi-jie;XUE Yan;CUI Lei;ZHANG Ke;LI Yong-hua;ZHENG Ye(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;North Huajin Chemical Industries Group Corporation,Panjin 124021,Liaoning,China;Jinxi Natural Gas Chemical Co.Ltd.,Huludao 125001,Liaoning,China;National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agro-ecosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110107,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,辽宁盘锦124021 [4]北方华锦化学工业集团有限公司,辽宁葫芦岛125001 [5]锦西天然气化工有限责任公司,沈阳110107

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2021年第12期4419-4428,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200707)资助。

摘　　要：采用田间盆栽试验,研究生化抑制剂与生物刺激素腐植酸结合制成的高效稳定性增效尿素肥料在黄土中的氮素转化特征、增产效果和氮素肥料表观利用率,以探明其施用效果,为开发适宜黄土施用的新型增效尿素肥料提供理论依据。本研究以不施氮肥(CK)和施尿素氮肥(N)为对照,在尿素中分别添加腐植酸(F)、N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、3,4-二甲基础唑磷酸盐(DMPP)和2~氯-6-三甲基吡啶(CP),以及腐植酸与3种生化抑制剂分别组合(NBPT+F、DMPP+F、CP+F)。结果表明:与N处理相比,F、NBPT+F、DMPP+F和CP+F处理均能显著提高玉米的产量、叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数和植株吸氮量,对土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量也有显著影响。与单独施用生化抑制剂相比,添加腐植酸可提高玉米叶片叶绿素含量。与CP相比,CP+F玉米的植株吸氮量、叶绿素含量、氮肥吸收利用率均显著提高;与NBPT相比,NBPT+F硝化抑制率提高10.7%,但玉米产量、叶面积指数、植株吸氮量和氮肥利用率等均有所降低;与DMPP相比,DMPP+F显著降低了玉米产量、叶面积指数、植株吸氮量、氮肥利用率和硝化抑制率等。综合玉米产量、植株吸氮量、氮肥吸收利用率以及土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量等指标,在黄土地区施用尿素肥料时,建议添加腐植酸和CP以提升尿素性能,从而提高产量和肥料利用率。We carried out pot experiment to investigate nitrogen transformation characteristics,yield increasing effect,and apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in loess soils by combining chemical inhibitor and biostimulant humic acid to investigate the application effect and provide a theoretical basis for new type highly efficient and stable urea in loess soil.In this study,blank(CK)and urea(N)were set as controls,and humic acid alone(F),N-butyl thiophosphate-triamine(NBPT),3,4-dimethyl-pyrazolate phosphate(DMPP),2-chloro-6-trimethyl-pyridine(CP)and humic acid were respectively combined with three biochemical inhibitors to urea.The results showed that compared with N treatment,F,NBPT+F,DMPP+F,CP+F treatments significantly increased maize yield,chlorophyll content,leaf area index and nitrogen uptake,and had obvious effects on soil available nitrogen contents.The addition of humic acid increased chlorophyll content of maize leaves in all cases compared to the application of biochemical inhibitors alone.Compared with CP treatment,CP+F treatment could significantly increase nitrogen uptake,chlorophyll content,and nitrogen adsorption efficiency of maize.Addition of humic acid with NBPT increased nitrification inhibition rate by 10.7%compared with NBPT alone,but decreased yield,leaf area index,nitrogen uptake,nitrogen use efficiency.Compared with DMPP treatment,DMPP+F treatment significantly reduced maize yield,leaf area index,nitrogen uptake,nitrogen use efficiency and nitrification inhibition rate.Considering maize yield,plant N uptake,N fertilizer uptake rate and soil ammonium N and nitrate N contents,the addition of humic acid and CP is recommended for urea application in loess areas to enhance urea performance,yield,and fertilizer utilization.

关 键 词：生物刺激素 脲酶抑制剂 硝化抑制剂 铵态氮 硝态氮 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S143.14[农业科学—肥料学]