历史语用学视角下汉语词汇语义演变研究——以“土豪”→“壕”为例  

A Study of Chinese Lexical Semantic Change from the Perspective of Historical Pragmatics——Taking“Tuhao”→“Hao” as an Example

作　　者：李丹弟[1] 杨洋 Li Dan-di;Yang Yang(School of Foreign Languages,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China;College of Foreign Languages,Quzhou University,Quzhou 324000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学外国语学院,杭州310018 [2]衢州学院外国语学院,衢州324000

出　　处：《外语学刊》2021年第6期108-114,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社会科学研究基金重大项目“汉语非字面语言认知的神经心理机制研究”(14ZDB155);国家社科项目“语言库藏类型学视角下并列标记研究”(18BYY010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文通过抽取2009年至2019年间新浪微博中含有"土豪""土豪x"和"壕x"的语料,在受邀推理理论框架下,定量分析与定性分析相结合,从历时的维度描述汉语类词缀"土豪x"到"壕x"的演化过程,并进一步分析其演化背后的机制。研究发现,汉语类词缀"土豪x"到"壕x"的演化是一个连续、动态的过程,是发话者和听话者长期邀请—推理互动的结果,其演变背后的主要机制为隐喻化和类推,是发话者基于自身百科知识和交际情景,创造性地用词的结果。汉语类词缀"土豪x"到"壕x"的演化过程充分体现汉语构词双音化的语言特征和标新立异、简洁明了的网络交际特征。Based on the samples of "tuhao" "tuhao x" and "hao x" from Sina Weibo between 2009 and 2019, in the framework of the Invited Inferencing Theory of Semantic Change, this paper describes the diachronic path of Chinese affixoid evolution from "tuhoa x" to "hao x" by quantitative and qualitative analysis. It is found that the evolution process is continuous and dynamic, which is facilitated by the long-term interaction of inviting and inferring between addresser and addressee. The mechanisms behind the process are metaphorization and analogy, resulting from the addresser’s creative use of words based on his/her encyclopedic knowledge and communicative situations. The evolution process from "tuhao x" to "hao x" fully reflects the feature of disyllabification for Chinese word formation and the features of novelty and briefness for online communication.

关 键 词：土豪X 壕X 汉语类词缀演化过程 受邀推理理论 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]