城市社区3类老人心理弹性与社会支持、气质性乐观、自我效能的关系  

Associations of resilience,social support,dispositional optimism and self-efficacy in three groups of elderly people in urban community

作　　者：吴兰花[1] 薛将[2] 许倩[3] WU Lanhua;XUE Jiang;XU Qian(Department of Mental Health Education,Zhejiang Technical Institute of Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江经济职业技术学院心理健康教育教研室,杭州310018 [2]浙江大学心理与行为科学系 [3]杭州市第七人民医院

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2021年第12期1796-1799,共4页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(编号:17NDJC339YBM)。

摘　　要：目的:了解城市社区3类老人心理弹性与社会支持、气质性乐观、自我效能的关系。方法:运用心理弹性量表、老年人社会支持测定量表、生活定向测验、一般自我效能问卷对375名老人进行调研。结果:与中国社区人群相比,同堂老人的心理弹性差异不显著(P>0.05),随迁老人和空巢老人的心理弹性显著偏低(t=-2.512,-3.363;P<0.05),同堂老人心理弹性得分显著高于随迁老人和空巢老人(F=5.234,P<0.05);心理弹性高分组的社会支持、气质性乐观、自我效能的得分高于心理弹性低分组(P<0.001);3类老人的心理弹性与社会支持、气质性乐观、自我效能显著相关(r=0.31~0.55,P<0.001),且社会支持、气质性乐观、自我效能是3类老人心理弹性显著的预测变量(β=0.181~0.271,P<0.05)。结论:同堂老人的心理弹性高于随迁老人和空巢老人,社会支持、气质性乐观、自我效能是城市社区3类老人心理弹性的重要影响因素。Objective:To explore the features of resilience and its relationships with social support, dispositional optimism, self-efficacy among three groups of elderly people in city community.Methods:Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),social support scale for the elderly, Life Orientation Test-Revised Scale(LOT-R)and General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)were used to investigate 375 elderly people.Results:There was no statistically significant difference of resilience between the old people that live with generations under the same roof and the average Chinese in community.The empty nest elderly showed low resilience than the average Chinese in community(t=-2.512,P<0.05).The migrant elderly people’s resilience was significantly lower than the average Chinese in community(t=-3.363,P<0.001).The old people that live with generations under the same roof had a better score than the migrant elderly people and the empty nest elderly(F=5.234,P<0.05).The scores of social support, dispositional optimism and self-efficacy were higher in those with higher level of resilience than in those with lower level of resilience(P<0.001).The resilience in three groups of elderly people had positive correlation with the scores of social support, dispositional optimism and self-efficacy(r=0.31~0.55,P<0.001).The social support, dispositional optimism and self-efficacy had significant positive effects on resilience of elderly people in three groups of elderly people in urban community(β=0.181~0.271,P<0.05).Conclusion:The resilience of the old people that live with generations under the same roof is higher than the migrant elderly people’s and the empty nesters’.Society support, dispositional optimism and self-efficacy are important influence factors of resilience in three kinds of elderly people in urban community.

关 键 词：城市社区老人 心理弹性 社会支持 气质性乐观 自我效能 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学]