我国端午节丛考  

The Textual Research on the Dragon Boat Festival in China

作　　者：曾维华[1] 王冕[2] Ze Weihua;Wang Mian

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234 [2]上海市徐汇区图书馆采编部,上海200030

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2022年第1期118-128,共11页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要：我国传统的端午节,源远流长,影响深远,内涵丰富。然或因文献记载不足,或因对文献释读不一,诸多问题尚未圆满解决。经研究,“端午”风俗实源自夏商周时期的“夏至节”。之后,“五月五日”民俗活动逐步取代“夏至节”。端午节在历史上名称颇多,至唐玄宗时始有“端午”之名,既体现了先民对自然气象变化的认知,也融汇了阴阳五行的古典哲学思想,具有丰富的文化内涵。“端午节”适逢气象“阴阳相交”,其名也源于此意。时值天气转暖,疫病虫害流行,先民积累了多种抗御疫病虫害,保障身体健康的方法,并形成风俗。粽叶(包括芦叶、箬叶等)的选择也源于这方面的认知。在历史过程中,端午习俗又融入了祭祀地方“先贤”“英灵”的内容。粽子并非为端午节刻意所创,也不能因“角黍”之名为据说源于北方。用植物叶子包裹食材制作食品的方法,起源很早,也很普遍。粽子所用食材在我国南北方均有种植,因而尚难确定粽子始于南方或北方。粽子应是先民生活中已广泛食用的食物,并逐步成为端午节南北共同流行的特色食品。Chinese traditional Dragon Boat Festival has a stream long history,far-reaching influence and rich contents.However,many problems have not been solved satisfactorily because of lack of historical document or different interpretations of document.From research,the custom of“Dragon Boat Festival”actually originated from“Summer Solstice Festival”in the Xia、Shang and Zhou periods.After that,the folk activities of May 5th'gradually replaced“Summer Solstice Festival”.There are many names for“Dragon Boat Festival”in history.The name of“Duan Wu”appeared in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.It includes rich cultural connotations,not only reflects the ancient people’s cognition of meteorological changes,but also merges with classical thought of Yin Yang and Wu Xing.“Dragon Boat Festival”coincides with the meteorology of interlocking of Yin and Yang and the name of“Duan Wu”also comes from this meaning.It was that weather became warmer and diseases and pests were prevalent,ancient people accumulated a variety of methods to resist diseases and pests to keep healthy,and then formed customs.The choice of Zongye(including reed leaf,indocalamus leaf,etc.)also comes from this cognition.The custom merged with the contents of“Sages”and“Heroes”in the sacrificial place as well.Neither Zongzi was specially created for“Dragon Boat Festival”,nor it was said to come from the north because of its name“Jiao Shu”.The method of making food by wrapping ingredients with plant leaves originated very early and is so common.The ingredients of Zongzi are planted both in the southern and northern China,so it is difficult to determine whether Zongzi originated in the south or north.Zongzi should have been widely eaten in the life of ancient people,and gradually become common popular special food of“Dragon Boat Festival”in the southern and northern China.

关 键 词：端午节 丛考 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]