硫、硅肥配施对铜污染下水稻幼苗生长及其生理特性的影响  

Effects of Sulfur and Silicon Fertilizers on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings Under Copper Contamination

作　　者：袁源远 颜晓[1,2] 陈晨 卢志红 吴建富[1,2] 魏雪娇 YUAN Yuanyuan;YAN Xiao;CHEN Chen;LU Zhihong;WU Jianfu;WEI Xuejiao(College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Ecology Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Watershed Agricultural Resource and Ecology in Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330045,China;Xiamen Customs Technology Center,Xiamen,Fujian 361013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]厦门海关技术中心,福建厦门361013

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第6期1220-1231,共12页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860589);国家科技部重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300903-03,2017YFD0301601-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】稻田铜污染会抑制水稻幼苗光合作用、膜损伤、引起脂质过氧化等,导致水稻幼苗代谢紊乱,影响其正常生长,为减轻和控制铜对水稻幼苗生长的危害展开研究。【方法】通过盆栽试验,研究3种硫(S)施用量(0,0.013,0.026 g/kg土)和3种硅(Si)施用量(0,0.05,0.1 g/kg土)配施对铜污染下水稻幼苗生理特性的影响。【结果】(1)0.026 g/kg硫(S)与0.1 g/kg硅(Si)配施,对400 mg/kg铜胁迫下水稻幼苗的苗高、茎基宽及根系生长有明显促进作用。0.013 g/kg硫(S)与0.1 g/kg硅(Si)配施,则能最大效率地增长幼苗出叶速率、绿叶数及根冠比;(2)0.026 g/kg硫(S)与0.1 g/kg硅(Si)配施,水稻幼苗叶片中MDA含量减幅最高26.12%,抗氧化酶类(SOD、CAT、POD等)活性下降幅度最高分别为28.28%、45.35%和27.56%;(3)铜胁迫下,施用硫、硅肥对水稻幼苗叶片中非蛋白质态巯基总量(NPT)无明显影响,一定范围内,硫硅肥配施会降低谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,与此同时,0.013 g/kg硫(S)与硅(Si)的不同施用量配施,植物螯合肽(PCs)及金属硫蛋白(MT)含量增加的效果最为显著;(4)不同用量的硫硅肥配施也能显著降低茎叶和根部的铜含量,降幅最高分别为64.77%和47.11%。【结论】不同浓度硫肥与较高浓度硅肥配施可提高铜胁迫下水稻幼苗素质,减轻铜对水稻细胞膜的损伤和膜脂质过氧化程度,降低水稻根茎叶中铜含量。[Objective]Copper contamination in paddy field will inhibit photosynthesis,cause membrane damage and lipid peroxidation of rice seedlings,resulting in metabolic disorder and abnormal growth of rice seedlings.This study was to reduce and control the harm of copper to the growth of rice seedlings.[Method]Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of three sulfur(S)application rates(0,0.013,0.026 g/kg soil)and three silicon(Si)application rates(0,0.05,0.1 g/kg soil)on the physiological characteristics of rice seedlings under copper contamination.[Result]The results were as follows.(1)The combined application of 0.026 g/kg s and0.1 g/kg Si could greatly improve the seedling height,stem base width and root growth of rice seedlings under400 mg/kg Cu stress.When 0.013 g/kg s and 0.1 g/kg Si were applied together,the rate of leaf emergence,the number of green leaves and the ratio of root to shoot increased with maximum efficiency.(2)Under the combined application of 0.026 g/kg s and 0.1 g/kg Si,the content of MDA in leaves of rice seedlings decreased by26.12%,and the activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,CAT,POD,etc.)decreased by 28.28%,45.35% and27.56%,respectively.(3)Under copper stress,the application of sulfur and silicon fertilizers had no significant effect on the total amount of non protein sulfydryl(NPT)in leaves of rice seedlings.To a certain extent,the combined application of sulfur and silicon fertilizers could reduce the content of glutathione(GSH).At the same time,the combined application of 0.013 g/kg sulfur(s)and silicon(Si)had the most significant effect on the increase of PCs and MT contents in leaves of rice seedlings.(4)The copper content in stems and leaves and in roots were also significantly reduced by different amounts of sulfur and silicon fertilizers,with the highest reduction of 64.77% and 47.11% respectively.[Conclusion]Combined application of different concentrations of sulfur(s)and higher concentrations of silicon fertilizers can improve the quality of rice seedlings under copper str

关 键 词：铜污染 硫肥 硅肥 水稻幼苗 生理特性 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]