金钱松林挥发物季节性变化对空气负离子及微生物的影响  

Effects of Seasonal Variation of Volatiles in Pseudolarix amabilis Forest on Air Anion and Microorganism

作　　者：韦赛君 张静[1] 王翔[2] 吕嘉欣 王彬[1] 高岩[1] 张汝民[1] WEI Saijun;ZHANG Jing;WANG Xiang;LYU Jiaxin;WANG Bin;GAO Yan;ZHANG Rumin(State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation,Zhejiang A&F University,Lin’an,Zhejiang 311300,China;Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Center,Hangzhou 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,浙江临安311300 [2]浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第6期1316-1326,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31470704);浙江省省院合作项目(2018SY07)。

摘　　要：【目的】金钱松(Pseudolarix amabilis)属于珍稀濒危保护物种,具有特殊的药用、观赏和历史价值,其枝叶富含挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)。为明确自然条件下金钱松释放VOCs成分对空气负离子和微生物的影响。【方法】选择浙江天目山生长健康的金钱松人工林,采用动态顶空气体循环采集法和热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(TDS-GC-MS)技术,分析了近自然状态下金钱松枝叶VOCs和不同季节林内空气VOCs组分和含量;同时,采用森林康养监测系统(YZQ-308A)监测金钱松林内空气负离子含量,采用自然沉降法测定林内空气微生物的数量。【结果】金钱松释放VOCs的以7种酯类化合物(36.2%)和11种萜烯类化合物(29.5%)为主;其中的主要物质有乙酸叶醇酯(25.2%)、α-蒎烯(11.8%)、3-己烯醇(5.1%)、水杨酸甲酯(4.6%)、石竹烯(4.1%)、瑟林烯(3.9%)、壬醛(3.2%)和柠檬烯(2.6%)等。金钱松林内空气VOCs相比于空旷地增加α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、雪松烯、α-柏木烯和柏木脑5种萜烯类物质以及辛醛、壬醛和癸醛等醛类物质,夏季VOCs组分和含量最多。林内空气负离子含量显著高于空旷地,空气负离子含量由高到低依次为夏季、秋季、春季;林内空气微生物数量明显比空旷地少,夏季降幅最大,细菌、真菌和放线菌降幅分别为45.7%和48.3%和36.9%(P<0.05);1%时柠檬烯和石竹烯能显著抑制细菌生长,抑制率分别为38.1%和23.0%(P<0.05);醛类对细菌、真菌和放线菌都有抑菌作用,0.1%的壬醛、0.5%的辛醛和癸醛对细菌的抑制率分别为14.3%、24.8%和42.6%(P<0.05)。【结论】金钱松林内VOCs对空气微生物有抑制作用,同时能释放大量对人体有益的负离子,进一步证实了金钱松VOCs具有净化空气和抑菌作用,为园林植物配置以及森林康养提供科学的理论依据。[Objective]Pseudolarix amabilisis a unique single genus coniferous plant in China and its branches and leaves are rich in volatile organic compounds.It is a rare and endangered protected species and has special medicinal,ornamental and historical values.These plant volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have many functions(VOCs),such as promoting growth and development,inhibiting microbial growth,and affecting urban ecological environment,etc.This study was understand the effects of VOCs components and stands of P. amabilis on air anion and microorganisms under natural conditions.[Method]Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in the branches and leaves of the healthy plantations of P. amabilis in neary natural state and in the air of different seasons in West Tianmu Mountain(Zhejiang Province)were analyzed and identified by dynamic headspace gas cycle collection and thermal desorption system/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(TDSGC-MS).At the same time,the content of negative air ions in the forest was monitored by YZQ-308 A forest health monitoring system,and the air microorganisms were measured by natural sedimentation method.[Result]The main components of VOCs released by P. amabilis were 7 esters(36.21%)and 11 terpenes(29.53%);among them,the main substances were cis-3-hexenyl acetate(25.2%),α-pinene(11.8%),3-hexen-1-ol(5.1%),methyl salicylate(4.6%),caryophyllene(4.1%),selinene(3.9%),nonanal(3.2%),limonene(2.6%),etc.Compared with open field,there were five kinds of terpenes,such as α-pinene,limonene,cedrene,α-cedrene and cedrol,as well as aldehydes such as octanal,nonanal and decanal in the Pseudolarix amabilis forest,and the composition and content of VOCs were the most in summer.The content of air anion in P. amabilis forest was significantly higher than that in open field,and that in summer was higher than in autumn and spring.The number of microorganisms in the forest was significantly less than that in the open field,and the decrease in summer was the largest,the decreasing ranges of bacteria,fungi and actinomycet

关 键 词：金钱松 植物挥发物 空气负离子 空气微生物 抑菌 

分 类 号：S791.23[农业科学—林木遗传育种]