6种叶菜吸附颗粒物与叶片微形态特征研究  

A Study on Six Kinds of Leafy Vegetables Adsorbing Particulate Matter and Their Leaf Surface Morphology Characteristics

作　　者：查燕 牛天新[1] 汤婕[2] ZHA Yan;NIU Tianxin;TANG Jie(Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Hangzhou 310024,China;Anhui Agricultural Universi-ty,Hefei 230016,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市农业科学研究院,浙江杭州310024 [2]安徽农业大学,安徽合肥230016

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第6期1443-1451,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51809001);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ20C03007);杭州市农业科学研究院科技创新基金项目(2021HNCT-06)。

摘　　要：【目的】叶菜作为一种特殊的绿色植物,不仅在农业生态系统物质循环和能量流动中发挥着关键作用,而且作为一种大气-土壤交界的重要环境界面,具备显著消减大气颗粒物浓度的生态功能。本研究对杭州市6种常见叶菜叶片不同粒径颗粒物吸附量及叶表微形态特征进行分析,以期为利用叶菜表征区域大气颗粒物污染提供参考依据。【方法】选取青菜Brassicachinensis L、菠菜Spinaciaoleracea L、生菜Lactucasativa var.crispa、苋菜Amaranthustricolor L.杭白菜Brassicachinensis var.oleifera、叶用番薯Ipomoeabatatas,采用水洗测量法测定植物表面不同粒径颗粒物吸附量,利用扫描电镜观察叶菜表面的微形态结构,探究叶片表面微形态与颗粒物吸附能力的关系。【结果】(1)不同叶菜叶表面对总颗粒物的吸附能力存在差异,以叶用番薯吸附总颗粒物的能力最强((22.62±4.15)μg/cm^(2)),生菜吸附能力最弱((6.46±1.22)μg/cm^(2))。(2)通过比较叶菜对不同粒径颗粒物的吸附量可知,以叶用番薯对PM_(>10)、PM_(2.5~10)及PM_(0.2~2.5)的能力最强,以生菜吸附PM_(>10)的能力最弱,以杭白菜吸附PM_(2.5~10)能力最弱,以苋菜吸附PM_(0.2~2.5)能力最弱。(3)叶菜叶片以吸附PM_(>10)为主,占总颗粒物质量的75.19%~88.42%,PM_(2.5~10)占总颗粒物质量的7.75%~22.93%,PM_(0.2~2.5)占总颗粒物质量的1.87%~4.19%。(4)通过线性拟合可知,气孔长度、气孔宽度与PM_(>10)质量呈显著性关系,气孔宽度与PM_(0.2~2.5)质量呈显著性关系,本研究结果可为利用叶菜表征区域大气颗粒物污染提供参考依据。【结论】叶用番薯吸附总颗粒物的能力最强,生菜吸附能力最弱。气孔是影响叶菜吸附不同粒径颗粒物的重要因素。[Objective]As a special green plant,leafy vegetable not only plays an important role in material circulation and energy flow in agricultural ecosystem,but also as a key environmental interface between atmo⁃sphere and soil,it has the ecologic function of alleviating the concentration of atmospheric particulates.In this study,the capability of 6 common species of leafy vegetables in Hangzhou atmospheric particulate matter(PM)to capture and their micromorphological characteristics of leaf surfaces were investigated,so as to provide a sci⁃entific basis for controlling regional atmospheric particulate pollution by leafy vegetables.[Method]Brassica chinensis L,Spinacia oleracea L,Lactuca sativa var.crispa,Amaranthus tricolor L,Brassica chinensis var.oleif⁃era and Ipomoea batatas were collected.The quantity of plant surface particles were determined by water-wash⁃ing measurement method.The micromorphological structures of plant surface were observed using a scanning electron microscope.The relationship between PM capturing capability and the micromorphological character⁃istics of plant surface were explored.The results showed that the total PMs absorbed by leafy vegetable sur⁃face varied among different species.[Result](1)Ipomoea batatas had the strongest capability to capture total PM(22.62±4.15)μg/cm^(2).Lactuca sativa var.crispa had the weakest capability of capturing total PM(6.46±1.22)μg/cm^(2).(2)Comparison of the capability of capturing particulates of different sizes by leafy vegetable surface showed that Ipomoea batatas had the strongest capability to capture PM_(>10),PM_(2.5-10) and PM_(0.2-2.5),Lactuca sativa var.crispa had the weakest capability to capture PM_(>10),Brassica chinensis var.oleifera had the weakest ca⁃pability to capture PM_(2.5-10),Amaranthus tricolor L had the weakest capability to capture PM_(0.2-2.5).PM_(>10) was the main principal component of the TSP,the percentages of PM_(>10),PM_(2.5-10) and PM_(0.2-2.5) were about 75.19%-88.42%,7.75%-22.93%,and 1.87%-4.19%respectively

关 键 词：叶菜 颗粒物 微形态 气孔 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]