4CZ-1型履带自走式大葱联合收获机的研制  

Design of 4CZ-1 Type Caterpillar Self-propelled Integrative Machine for Scallion Harvesting

作　　者：张德学 张军强 刘学峰 秦喜田 李青江 闵令强 任冬梅 张翠英 Zhang Dexue;Zhang Junqiang;Liu Xuefeng;Qin Xitian;Li Qingjiang;Min Lingqiang;Ren Dongmei;Zhang Cuiying(Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Ji’nan 250100,China;Shandong Sunco Agricultural Equipment Technology Co. Ltd., Ji’nan 250214, China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业机械科学研究院,济南250100 [2]山东双佳农装科技有限公司,济南250214

出　　处：《农机化研究》2022年第4期71-79,共9页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2018YF001-06)。

摘　　要：目前,现有自走式大葱收获机由于缺乏有效的减阻方案,功率消耗较大,挖掘深度不足,难以满足章丘大葱收获的需要;清土和大葱输送技术不成熟,造成大葱的损伤率和含杂偏高,收获质量较差;收获流程设计不合理,联合收获程度有待提高。针对以上问题,设计了一种4CZ-1型履带自走式大葱联合收获机,可以一次性完成单行大葱的限深松土、振动挖掘、土垡破碎、三级柔性夹持输送及平台收集等作业过程。该机可有效减小挖掘行进阻力,实现对包裹土壤的有效松动,降低损伤率和含杂率,有效提高大葱收获作业质量。为此,重点阐述了机具的工作原理和主要零部件设计,利用三维软件对整机进行了数字化建模,完成了样机的制作,并进行了田间试验。结果表明:该机工作稳定,适应性强,收获效果较好,大葱损伤率3.6%,损失率1.8%,含杂率3.2%,作业效率0.053 hm^(2)/h,均满足设计要求。At present,due to the lack of effective drag reduction scheme on the existing self-propelled scallion harvester,a large amount of power was consumed and depth of digging was not enough,which was difficult to meet the harvesting needs of scallion in Zhangqiu.The technology of scallion conveying and soil cleaning was not mature,resulting in high damage rate and impurity of scallion and poor harvesting quality.Besides,the design of harvest process of scallion was unreasonable,and the joint harvesting degree of scallion needed to be improved.Aiming at the above problems,4CZ-1 type caterpillar self-propelled integrative machine for scallion harvesting was designed.This machine could complete the harvesting work of single row of scallion in one time,such as limiting the depth of the soil,soil loosing,vibration digging,soil breaking,three-level clamping and transporting and collection of the scallion.This machine could effectively reduce the resistance of digging operation,realizing the effective loosening of the wrapped soil and reducing the damage and impurity rate of scallions,which could improve the harvesting quality of scallions.In this paper,the working principle and the design of the main parts of the machine were described emphatically.The whole machine was modeled by 3d software,the prototype was made,and the field experiment was carried out.The test results showed that the machine worked stably and had a strong adaptability and good harvesting effect.The damage rate of scallions was 3.6%,the loss rate was 1.8%and the impurity rate was 3.2%,the operating efficiency was 0.053hm^(2)/h,which could meet the of the design standard.

关 键 词：大葱联合收获机 履带自走式 振动挖掘 三级夹持输送 

分 类 号：S225.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]