秸秆混肥还田机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment on Straw-Fertilizer-Mixing and Returning Machine

作　　者：马超 杨鹏 白蒙亮 庞爱平 于丽颖[2] 王瑞丽[3] 张嘉强 Ma Chao;Yang Peng;Bai Mengliang;Pang Aiping;Yu Liying;Wang Ruili;Zhang Jiaqiang(China Agricultural Machinery Testing Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125, China;Department of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Liaoning Agricultural Technical College, Yingkou 11509, China;College of Engineering,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部农业机械试验鉴定总站,北京100125 [2]辽宁农业职业技术学院农业装备工程系,辽宁营口11509 [3]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农机化研究》2022年第4期177-182,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：河北省重大科技成果转化专项(19057316Z);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903007-08)。

摘　　要：东北地区玉米秸秆产量大,秋季玉米收获后可还田作业时间短、秸秆腐烂慢,为秸秆还田带来困难。为满足东北地区秸秆快速还田和腐烂要求,研制了一种秸秆混肥还田机,可将粉碎秸秆或站立秸秆切碎收集,并与N肥混合后被输送到还田机的一侧,或成条堆放在田间,或喂入到由铧式犁开出垄沟内。利用三维软件SolidWorks对秸秆粉碎捡拾和输送装置进行了参数设计和实体建模,利用有限元ANSYS Workbench对所设计的粉碎刀进行静力学分析验证了其结构的合理性,并通过分析粉碎刀的秸秆粉碎过程和运动轨迹确定了当粉碎刀受力最小时的最佳排列方式。试验结果表明:当秸秆粉碎捡拾装置转速为2250r/min、还田机前进速度为1.27m/s时,秸秆还田率为95%,秸秆剪切长度合格率为95.5%,秸秆混肥不均匀度为20.5%,作业性能达到了设计要求,可为秸秆混肥还田机的改进设计提供参考。In northeast China,the yield of corn straw is large,the working time of returning corn to the field after harvesting in autumn is short,and the straw rot is slow.In order to meet the requirements of rapid returning and rotting for corn straw in northeast China,a straw-fertilizer-mixing and returning machine was developed,which can chop and collect the crushed straw or standing straw,and then mix the chopped straw with N fertilizer.The mixture of straw and N fertilizer is transferred to one side of the returning machine,or stacked in strips,or fed into the furrow by the furrow plough.The parameter design and solid modeling of the straw compressing and collecting and conveying device were carried out by using the 3d software Solidworks.By analyzing the process of straw crushing and the movement trace of the crushing tool,the optimum arrangement of the crushing tool with the minimum stress was determined.The test results show that when the rotation speed of the straw commination device is 2250r/min and the forward speed of the field returning machine is 1.27m/s,the straw returning rate is 95%,the qualified rate of the straw shear length is 95.5%and the non-uniformity of the straw mixed fertilizer is 20.5%.The experimental results verified that the performance of the returning machine meets the design requirements and provide theoretical and practical reference for the improved design of the straw-fertilizer-mixing and returning machine.

关 键 词：秸秆还田机 混肥 深埋 

分 类 号：S224.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]