切轴流双滚筒玉米脱粒试验台设计与试验  

Design and Experiment on Corn Thresher with Tangential-axial Flow Double-roller

作　　者：周正 张红梅[1] 侯明涛[1] 何豪 杨立权[1] 王万章[1] Zhou Zheng;Zhang Hongmei;Hou Mingtao;He Hao;Yang Liquan;Wang Wanzhang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学机电工程学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《农机化研究》2022年第6期45-52,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：河南省现代农业产业技术体系玉米全程机械化岗位专项(S10-02-G07);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03);国家自然科学基金项目(31501213);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300704)。

摘　　要：黄淮海地区玉米籽粒机收一直受制于收获时籽粒含水率偏高等因素的影响,导致收获后籽粒破损严重,直接影响经济效益,而如何实现玉米籽粒高含水率情况下的低损失收获是目前的发展方向。为此,结合4YL-4/5型联合收获机,设计了一种切轴流双滚筒玉米脱粒分离装置,不仅可用于玉米籽粒收获,也可调整部分技术参数,来完成小麦等农作物的收获工作。所设计的装置由切流滚筒和轴流滚筒两部分组成,切流滚筒的脱粒元件采用半圆头钉齿,轴流滚筒的脱粒元件采用轮廓柔和的板齿和半圆头钉齿交叉组合的排列方式,完成了滚筒、凹版和上盖板的设计。利用ADAMS和ANSYS对试验台的脱粒部分进行动平衡模拟分析和模态模拟分析,增强了试验台工作过程中的可靠性。三因素(滚筒线速度、玉米籽粒含水率、凹版间隙)正交试验表明:在含水率24%~28%范围内、滚筒线速度在17.28~20.16 m/s之间、凹版间隙在32~36mm之间时,玉米籽粒的破损率低于国家标准5%。试验结果表明:影响破损率的因素主次顺序为滚筒线速度>籽粒含水率>凹版间隙;在滚筒线速度17.28m/s、含水率26%、凹版间隙34mm条件下,玉米籽粒破损率最低。研究可为高含水率玉米籽粒直收提供理论依据。The harvesting of maize kernels in the Huanghuaihai area has always been affected by factors such as high moisture content of the grains during harvest,resulting in severe grain damage after harvest,which directly affects its economic benefits.How to achieve low-loss harvest under the condition of high moisture content of corn kernels is the current development direction.Based on this,this paper combines a 4YL-4/5 combine harvester to design a high moisture content corn threshing and separation device.In the case of direct corn grain harvesting,some technical parameters can also be adjusted to complete the harvesting of wheat and other crops.The device is divided into two parts:the shearing roller and the axial flow roller.The threshing roller's threshing element adopts semi-circular head nail teeth.The design of the parameters of each key part;the dynamic balance simulation analysis and modal simulation analysis of the threshing part of the test bench using ADAMS and ANSYS have enhanced the reliability of the work process of the test bench.Through three factors(drum linear speed,corn kernels)Moisture content,gravure gap Orthogonal test shows that under the conditions of moisture content of 24%-28%,drum linear speed of 17.28-20.16m/s and gravure gap of 32~36mm,the damage rate of corn kernels Less than 5%of national standards.The primary and secondary order of factors affecting the breakage rate is that the drum linear velocity is greater than the grain moisture content and greater than the gravure gap.At the drum linear speed of 17.28 m/s,the moisture content of 26%,and the gravure gap of 34 mm,the corn seed breakage rate was the lowest.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the direct harvest of corn with high water content.

关 键 词：玉米脱粒试验台 切轴流 双滚筒 籽粒含水率 籽粒破损率 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]