纵轴流玉米脱粒分离装置设计与试验  

Analysis Design and Test of Longitudinal Flow Corn Threshing and Separating Plant

作　　者：宋志才 刁培松[1] 陈美舟 苗河泉 徐广飞 王建祥 Song Zhicai;Diao Peisong;Chen Meizhou;Miao Hequan;Xu Guangfei;Wang Jianxiang(School of Agricultural and Food Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China;Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University,Ji’nan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255049 [2]山东农业工程学院,济南250100

出　　处：《农机化研究》2022年第2期58-66,共9页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD03006);山东省现代农业产业体系玉米创新团队机械加工岗位专家项目(2016-2020);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019NJ011);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2018CXGC2015)。

摘　　要：针对黄淮海地区籽粒直收时籽粒损伤严重及未脱净率高的问题,结合现有的玉米脱离分离装置的特点,设计了一种纵轴流式变径变间距玉米锥形脱粒滚筒,以及利用可调节双头拉杆调节工作倾角的脱粒分离装置倾角调节装置。设计了脱粒元件在锥形滚筒的安装位置及排列方式,分析了脱粒元件与籽粒接触的脱粒动力学过程,并查阅相关文献确定了脱粒装置关键参数分别是滚筒转速、喂入量及脱粒分离装置倾角,确定了籽粒破损率和未脱净率两种指标为判断影响因素的主要指标。通过Design-Expert10.0软件进行二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验分析,结果表明:最优参数组合为脱粒分离装置倾角2°、滚筒转速404.7r/min、喂入量6kg/s。验证试验结果表明:籽粒破损率平均值为3.25%、未脱净率平均值为0.66%,试验所得最佳工作参数组合结果与优化结果基本吻合,并且满足玉米脱粒的相关国家标准要求。The Huanghuaihai summer-sown corn area,as a well corn producing area in China,suffered from high water content during grain harvesting,and has problems such as high breakage and un-threshing rates,and easy blockage of concave plates.The current corn kernel harvesting device can not meet the requirements for harvesting corn kernels with high rate of water content,which greatly restricted the promotion of low-damage mechanized kernel harvesting technology.To solve this problem,the characteristics of the existing corn separation and separation device are combined.In this paper,a kind of corn cone threshing drum with longitudinal axial flow and variable diameter and spacing was designed,and the angle adjusting device of threshing and separating device which uses adjustable double head pull rod to adjust the working angle is designed.The installation position and arrangement of the threshing element in the conical cylinder were analyzed and the dynamic process of the threshing element in contact with the grain was analyzed.Finally,the key parameters of threshing device were determined by referring to relevant literature,which were drum speed,feeding amount and threshing separation device inclination angle.Two indexes of grain breakage rate and un-threshing rate were determined as the main indexes to judge the influencing factors.Through the design expert 10.0 software,the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combination test analysis was carried out.The experimental results showed that the optimal combination of parameters was the angle of threshing separation device of 2 degrees,drum speed of 404.7r/min,feed rate of 6kg/s.The results of validation test showed that the average value of kernel damage rate was 3.25%,and the average value of un-threshing rate was 0.66%.The results of the optimal combination of working parameters were basically consistent with the optimized results,and met the requirements of relevant national standards for corn threshing.

关 键 词：玉米脱粒 变径变间距 锥形脱粒滚筒 受力分析 脱粒分离装置倾角 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]