膜上马铃薯开穴播种覆土一体机的设计与试验  

Design and Test of Integral Machine for Potato Opening Pot Seeding and Soil Covering on Film

作　　者：杨轶凡 孟宠 杨福增[1,2,3] Yang Yifan;Meng Chong;Yang Fuzeng(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agricultural Equipment for the Northern China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China;Scientific Research Base of Apple Full-mechanized of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部北方农业装备科学实验观测站,陕西杨凌712100 [3]农业农村部苹果全程机械化科研基地,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农机化研究》2022年第2期128-135,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：农业部苹果全程机械化科研基地建设项目(陕农业计财[2018]16号)。

摘　　要：马铃薯是世界第四大粮食作物,我国陕甘宁地区是马铃薯主产区之一,但该地区干旱少雨。为了保持土壤水分,农学专家结合当地实际研究出一种“早覆膜—膜上穴播”的马铃薯种植模式,解决了播种期土壤水分不足的“卡脖子旱”问题。为此,基于农机与农艺相结合,在分析该种植模式的基础上,设计了一种膜上马铃薯开穴、播种、对穴覆土一体机,并进行了理论分析与计算,开展了田间试验。结果表明:该机播种合格率为88.51%,重播率为6.42%,漏播率为5.07%,符合《GB/T 25417-2010马铃薯种植机技术条件》的有关要求,为膜上马铃薯开穴播种覆土一体机的推广和应用提供了技术支持。Potato is the fourth largest food crop in the world,and Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia region of China is one of the main potato producing areas.However,due to the lack of rain and drought in this area,in order to maintain the soil moisture,agronomists have developed a potato planting mode of"early mulching-hole sowing on film",which solves the problem of"neck drought"due to the lack of soil moisture during the seeding period.In this paper,based on the analysis of the planting mode,a kind of potato hole opener,planter and soil cover machine on film was designed,and its theoretical analysis and calculation were carried out.At the same time,field experiments were carried out.The test results show that the qualified sowing rate is 88.51%,the replaying rate is 6.42% and the missed sowing rate is 5.07%,which meets the requirements of the technical conditions of potato planter GB/T 25417-2010.This study provides technical support for the popularization and application of the integrated machine for potato hole opening and soil covering on film.

关 键 词：马铃薯播种机 开穴 膜上播种 对穴覆土 

分 类 号：S223.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]