新疆生产建设兵团生态系统生态功能增强与服务提升策略  

The Strategies of Ecosystem Functions Enhancing and Services Rising in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

作　　者：崔向慧[1] 杨柳 朱耀军[2] 包岩峰[1] CUI Xiang-hui;YANG Liu;ZHU Yao-jun;BAO Yan-feng(Institute of Desertification Studies,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Insititute of Wetland Research,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《绿洲农业科学与工程》2021年第2期1-7,共7页Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0507103);中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW027-05)。

摘　　要：新疆生产建设兵团(后简称兵团)建设60多年来,境内生态环境明显改善,生态系统稳定性增强,生态效能大幅提高,这些对兵团生态文明建设、社会经济发展、边疆繁荣稳定和民族团结等区域战略产生积极影响。本文在系统分析兵团生态系统资源状况的基础上,根据生态系统特点及分布区域实际情况,确定其主体生态功能包括防风固沙、固碳、土壤保持、水文(水资源)调控及生物多样性保育等5个类别,并分别对其进行分析和评估;利用中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量表,确定兵团土地利用类型对应的生态价值系数,初步核算出2014年兵团生态系统生态服务价值总和达519.94亿元;对比发现,1986年到2014年近30年间,兵团耕地、林地、草地和其他未利用地等生态系统服务价值呈递增趋势,生态系统(不包括湿地)服务价值增加120.44亿元,增长率为47.76%;兵团土地利用方式的优化调整,特别是林地面积的大幅增加,对兵团生态系统服务价值的提升起决定性作用;最后,从生态系统结构优化、产业结构调整和综合管理与生态保护等领域提出兵团生态系统生态功能增强和服务能力提升的策略及具体措施。Over the past 60 years since the founding of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC),the ecological environment within the XPCC has been significantly improved,the stability of the ecosystem has been enhanced,and the ecological efficiency has been greatly improved,which has had a positive impact on the XPCC's regional strategies of ecological civilization construction,social and economic development,prosperity and stability of border areas,and ethnic unity.Based on the systematic analysis of the XPCC’s ecosystem resource conditions,ecosystem characteristics and actual distribution areas,the main ecological functions of the XPCC are determined,including wind and sand fixation,carbon fixation,soil conservation,hydrology(water resources)regulation and control,and biodiversity conservation function.Using the ecological service value equivalent table of unit area of China's terrestrial ecosystem,the value coefficients of XPCC’s land use type were determined.According to the value coefficient,the total value of ecosystem services of the XPCC in 2014 reached 51.994 billion yuan.The comparison found that from 1986 to 2014,the value of ecosystem services such as cropland land,woodland,grassland and other unused land in the XPCC was increasing trend,.The service value of the ecosystem(excluding wetlands)increased by 12.04 billion yuan,a growth rate is 47.76%;the optimization and adjustment of the XPCC’s land use types,especially the substantial increase in the area of woodland,played a decisive role in the raising of the XPCC’s ecosystem service value.In the end,strategies and specific measures for the enhancement of ecological functions and raising of service capabilities of the XPCC’s ecosystem were proposed from the fields of ecosystem structure optimization,industrial structure adjustment,integrated management and ecological protection.

关 键 词：生态系统 生态功能评估 生态服务 提升策略 新疆生产建设兵团 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]