喀斯特断陷盆地水资源高效开发利用模式构建  

Construction of high-efficiency exploitation and utilization model of water resources in karst faulted basin

作　　者：王宇[1,2] 张华 张贵 蓝芙宁 王秀艳[4] 万龙[5] 刘宏[6] WANG Yu;ZHANG Hua;ZHANG Gui;LAN Funing;WANG Xiuyan;WAN Long;LIU Hong(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Yunnan Geological Survey,Kunming,Yunan 650051,China;Yunnan Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,CAGS,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004 [2]云南省地质调查局,云南昆明650051 [3]云南省地质环境监测院,云南昆明650216 [4]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [5]北京林业大学,北京100083 [6]云南大学,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2021年第4期644-653,共10页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“喀斯特断陷盆地石漠化演变及综合治理技术与示范”(2016YFC0502500)。

摘　　要：在调查研究典型喀斯特断陷盆地水文地质特征、地表水文过程、“五水”转换及水资源均衡,研发地下水高效开发利用、地表水调蓄、水污染风险评估与水质修复、农田节水灌溉及土壤保墒、水资源优化调控等系列技术的基础上,以可持续发展和系统科学理论为指导,构建了喀斯特断陷盆地水资源高效开发利用模式,包括理论与技术支撑体系和开发利用工程体系两个层次。前者的基本构成及内涵为:水资源高效开发利用工作流程、理论依据及技术支撑,是模式的理论与技术内涵;后者为沿着盆地地表、地下水的形成、运动和转换过程,从上游山区到下游河谷区,逐级分区部署的水资源开发利用工程体系,工程布局做到因地制宜、科学合理,大、中、小、微型并举,集中供水与分散供水兼顾,同时系统推进水质修复、水循环利用、节约用水等措施,实现水资源的高效和可持续开发利用。Karst faulted basin is an inter-mountainous basin formed by the differential subsidence and dissolution of fault blocks caused by the faulting activities of Cenozoic plateau uplifting.The visual identification marks include,(1)The basin forming area is characterized by continuous distribution of soluble rocks,staggered development of faults,and extensive distribution of dissolution landforms;(2)The shape is long-stripped or irregular;(3)The bottom plain covers an area of tens to hundreds of square kilometers.The Cenozoic deposits are thick and there are many underground rivers and springs exposed at the edge.The karst faulted basin is determined by the genetic mechanism of erosion and dissolution which is dominated by local faulted depression.The faulted basin is characterized by obvious geomorphic zoning,strong neotectonic movement,uneven distribution of water resources,strong zonation of soil and vegetation,obvious vertical climate change and large differences in human activities ranges.Marked by geomorphic form and genetic types,the karst faulted basin can be divided into four environmental geological zones:the erosion and dissolution mountain area,the dissolution hill,peak and valley area,the sedimentary plain area,the erosion and dissolution valley area.The ecological function of the erosion and dissolution mountain area is prominent,the water source is mainly the seasonal stream running water,slope,roof and road sheet flow,and surface karst spring,suspended spring,surface karst zone water storage structure.The main water supply needs are domestic water for villages and towns,crop drought and seedling protection,production of small and micro enterprises and mines,ecological construction and maintenance.The ecological and economic functions are equally important in the area of the dissolution hill,peak and valley area.The water sources are mainly seasonal rivers and streams,sloping,roof and road sheet flow and stagnant water in depressions;as well as underground rivers,karst springs,surface karst zones and sa

关 键 词：水资源与环境 水文地质调查 资源开发与保护 生态用水 水循环利用 

分 类 号：P641.134[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]