陕西牛背梁国家级自然保护区羚牛集群活动规律与栖息地研究  

Clustering Behavior Rules of GoldenTakin in Niubeiliang Nature Reserve

作　　者：赵文超 张锦栋 卜书海[2] 代拴发 郭朋勃 邵建斌 解振锋 ZHAO Wen-chao;ZHANG Jin-dong;BU Shu-hai;DAI Shuan-fa;GUO Peng-bo;SHAO Jian-bin;XIE Zhen-feng(Shaanxi Niubeiliang Nature Reserve, Xi′an, Shaanxi 710100;College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]陕西牛背梁国家级自然保护区管理局,西安710100 [2]西北农林科技大学生命学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2021年第6期24-27,共4页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：中华环境保护基金会“青山计划”专项基金项目。

摘　　要：集群是秦岭羚牛适应特定时间、环境的一个重要行为特征。本研究利用定点观测法、样线法研究了陕西牛背梁国家自然保护区光头山区域羚牛的集群规律,结果显示,光头山区域是牛背梁羚牛最大种群数量聚集地;羚牛主要在每年6-7月中旬集群,随后家族群分散开来,夏至前后集群成员数量达高峰;羚牛集群迁徙路线基本固定,具有明显的方向性,多活动于气候凉爽、水源丰沛、坡度较缓的亚高山台地;初步调查显示当年生幼体及越冬存活小牛、亚成体牛、成体牛的数量比例为3∶1∶10,成体雌雄比例为3∶2,牛背梁保护区羚牛繁殖力旺盛、繁育率高、成活率较低。Clustering is an important behavioral characteristic of Golden Takin to adapt to specific time and environment.Based on fixed-point observation and line transect methods,the rule of the Takin group type and distribution in Guangtoushan region was studied.The result showed that Guangtoushan region is the largest population gathering area of the Takin.The Takin mainly congregate in the middle of June and July each year,and reach the peak at the summer solstice,then family groups disperse.The herd migration of the Takin has obvious directionality and prefers the subalpine tableland with cool climate,abundant water and slow slope.The proportion of new born calf and over-winter survived calf,adolescent and adult is 3∶1∶10 and the proportion of female to male is 3∶2,indicating Takins in Niubeiliang have strong reproduction ability,reproduction rate but low survival rate.

关 键 词：秦岭羚牛 繁殖季节 迁徙 路线 集群结构 陕西牛背梁国家自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.3[生物学—动物学]