中晚熟区主要高粱品种耐瘠性综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Low-Fertility Tolerance of Different Sorghum Cultivars in Middle-Late-Maturing Area

作　　者：张彦 王劲松 董二伟 武爱莲 王媛[2,3] 焦晓燕 ZHANG Yan;WANG JinSong;DONG ErWei;WU AiLian;WANG Yuan;JIAO XiaoYan(School of Life Sciences,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006;College of Resources&Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031;Institute of Environment&Resources,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西大学生命科学学院,太原030006 [2]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太原030031 [3]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,太原030031

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第23期4954-4968,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000801-2);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-06-14.5-A20);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2020417)。

摘　　要：【目的】土壤肥力是影响作物生长发育和产量的重要因素。中国人均耕地资源缺乏,全国约有21.95%的耕地生产障碍问题突出,保障中国未来粮食安全不仅要兼顾现有耕地产能提升,同时要高度重视后备耕地资源合理开发利用,因此,在贫瘠的土地上种植耐瘠作物,避免与主要粮食作物生产竞争,对满足粮食需求至关重要。为利用边际土地发展高粱生产,2019年在山西省榆次区比较研究中晚熟区高粱品种耐瘠性差异,筛选耐瘠性强的高粱品种和高粱耐瘠性评价指标,为边际土壤高粱种植品种筛选提供依据。【方法】以23个高粱品种为试验材料,采用大田试验,设置高土壤肥力(对照处理)和低土壤肥力(瘠薄胁迫)2个处理,调查其对高粱产量性状、干物质积累、养分吸收等15个指标影响,计算各指标的耐瘠指数,采用基于主成分分析的隶属函数法与聚类分析评价参试高粱的耐瘠能力,筛选耐瘠品种;利用耐瘠指数和耐瘠综合评价值(D值),通过回归分析与相关性分析确定高粱耐瘠性鉴定的适宜指标。【结果】瘠薄胁迫下,高粱产量、穗粒数、收获指数(HI)、干物质积累量、抽穗后干物质积累量、抽穗时叶面积指数(LAI)、穗长和穗宽有不同程度降低,降低幅度依次为抽穗后干物质积累量>产量>穗粒数>干物质积累量>LAI>穗宽>HI;籽粒氮、磷、钾累积量和植株氮、磷、钾累积量有不同程度下降,其中,氮累积量对瘠薄胁迫最为敏感。通过主成分分析将15个指标转化成5个综合指标(累计贡献率为89.28%),计算各参试品种D值,聚类分析后,将23个高粱品种划分为4种类型,其中,耐瘠性强6个(0.633≤D≤0.755)、耐瘠性较强7个(0.467≤D≤0.592)、耐瘠性较弱7个(0.310≤D≤0.421)和耐瘠性弱3个(0.166≤D≤0.246)。不同高粱品种中,冀酿2号、辽杂19、晋杂18、晋杂22、金丰301和晋杂28的D值最高。利用逐步回归分析建立【Objective】Soil fertility is essential to crop growth and yield.The arable land per capita in China is low,and approximately 21.95%of the arable land has serious barriers for crop production.To ensure food security,it is necessary to exploit cultivated land reserves,along with the efforts to increase the productivity of arable land.Therefore,it is important to cultivate crops that can tolerate low-fertility in marginal lands,to avoid land competition with other main crops and meet increasing food demand.To better use marginal land for sorghum production,a field experiment was conducted in Yuci,Shanxi Province in 2019,to study the variation in low-fertility tolerance ability of different sorghum cultivars.This study aimed to identify the sorghum cultivars with strong tolerance to low-fertility and the index to evaluate low-fertility tolerance,and the results would provide evidence for sorghum selection in marginal land cultivation.【Method】In this study,a field experiment including 23 sorghum cultivars was conducted with contrasting soil fertility treatments,including high soil fertility(control)treatment and low soil fertility treatment(stress).A total of 15 parameters including yield and yield components,dry matter accumulation of shoot and nutrient uptake were investigated.The low-fertility index of each parameter was calculated.Principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis were used to evaluate low-fertility tolerance and identify low-fertility tolerant cultivar.Low-fertility index and comprehensive evaluation value were used,combined with regression analysis and correlation analysis,to identify the optimal indicators for low-fertility tolerance.【Result】The results showed that the yield,grain number per spike,harvest index,dry matter accumulation at harvest and after heading,leaf area index(LAI),panicle length and width of sorghum were decreased by the low-fertility stress,compared with those in high-fertility plots.The decreasing rate was as follows:dry matter accumulation after heading>yie

关 键 词：高粱 瘠薄胁迫 综合评价 回归分析 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]