国家的内部关系、权力与治理——麦金农女性主义国家理论的三重维度  

Internal Relations,Power and Governance:the Triple Dimensions of McKinnon’s Feminist State Theory

作　　者：方环非 胡惠秀 FANG Huanfei;HU Huixiu(School of Marxism,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing,Zhejiang 312000;School of Marxism,Ningbo University,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315211)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院马克思主义学院,浙江绍兴312000 [2]宁波大学马克思主义学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《绍兴文理学院学报》2021年第11期13-20,F0002,共9页Journal of Shaoxing University

基　　金：浙江省社会科学规划之江青年学者项目“涌现论马克思主义研究”(18ZJQN04YB)。

摘　　要：国家的性别理论是国家理论研究中相对较新的领域。麦金农以女性在国家中的境遇为出发点,通过对自由主义和左派国家理论的批判,形成包含国家的内部关系、权力和治理三重维度的女性主义国家理论。首先,从国家内部关系看,国家是男性利益的代表,女性则被排除在国家之外,两性不平等问题突出。其次,国家内部关系中的两性不平等实际上涉及权力来源和分配。国家权力是男性形式的权力,由此形成了男性权力(主体)与女性无权(客体)的不平等局面。最后,麦金农揭露权力分配存在的问题与国家治理有着内在关联。国家的“中立性”“客观性”的治理基础其实是男性观点和立场的普遍化,国家并非相对自治。麦金农的女性主义国家理论,着眼于国家的性别本质,丰富了马克思主义的国家理论。然而该理论自身缺乏完整性,甚至存在彼此矛盾的地方,仅仅是乌托邦式的幻想。Research on the gender theory of the state is a relatively new research field.Starting from the situation of women in the state and criticizing liberal and leftist state theories,Mackinnon has formed a feminist state theory,which covers three dimensions of the internal relations of the state,the theory of state power and state governance.Firstly,in terms of the internal relations of the state,the state stands for men’s interest,with women excluded from it,hence prominent gender inequality.Secondly,gender inequality actually involves the source and distribution of the state power.The power of the state is in a male form of power,thus forming the unequal situation between the male power(subject)and female powerlessness(object).Finally,Mackinnon discloses that the problems existing in the distribution of the power is intrinsically related to the state governance.The governance basis of the state’s“neutrality”and“objectivity”is actually the generalization of male viewpoints and positions,with the state’s comparative lack of autonomy.McKinnon’s feminist state theory,emphasizing the gender nature of the state,compensates the deficiency of Marxist state class theory.The theory turns out to be merely a Utopian fantasy for its lack of integrity and its contradictory nature.

关 键 词：麦金农 女性主义 国家理论 权力 治理 

分 类 号：D03[政治法律—政治学]