山东省桃园杂草种类及其群落结构  

Weed Species and Community Structure in Peach Orchards of Shandong Province

作　　者：王立鹏 张晓林 孙鹏雷 朱宝林 刘伟堂[1] 孙瑞红[2] 王金信[1] WANG Li-peng;ZHANG Xiao-lin;SUN Peng-lei;ZHU Bao-lin;LIU Wei-tang;SUN Rui-hong;WANG Jin-xin(College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technology,Tai'an 271018,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai'an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院/山东省农药毒理与应用技术重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《杂草学报》2021年第3期35-43,共9页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(编号:2018CXGC0213)。

摘　　要：山东省是全国桃主产区之一,栽培面积和产量都是全国第一。桃园杂草对桃树生长和桃品质有重要影响。为科学合理地管理桃园杂草,采用倒置“W”九点取样法对山东省主要桃产区的12个地级市24个县(市、区)的桃园杂草种类分布进行调查,并且分析了其物种多样性。结果表明,山东省桃园夏季杂草种类达21科64种,其中菊科最多,有17种,占26.6%;其次是禾本科有8种,占12.5%;藜科、旋花科、十字花科、莎草科、苋科都有4种,占6.3%。山东省初冬杂草种类达20科54种,其中菊科最多,达22种,占40.7%;其次是十字花科6种,占11.1%;唇形科(3种),占5.6%;蔷薇科(3种),占5.6%。在多样性指数和香农-威纳指数方面,鲁中南桃区>鲁东桃区>鲁中桃区>鲁西北桃区;在辛普森指数方面,鲁东桃区>鲁中桃区>鲁中南桃区>鲁西北桃区;在均匀度方面,鲁中桃区>鲁西北桃区>鲁中南桃区>鲁东桃区。从相似度指数结果可以看出,鲁中和鲁中南桃区相似度最大,为0.6441。Shandong is one of the main peach-producing regions being first in cultivated area and yield in China.Weeds have an important influence on the growth of the peach tree and fruit quality.To provide basis for designing effective weed management strategies in peach orchards,this study determined the distribution and diversity of weed species in the main peach-producing regions of 24 counties belonging to 12 cities in Shandong Province surveying fields according to the inverted“W”nine-point sampling method.There were 64 species belonging to 21 families of summer weeds in the peach orchards of Shandong Province.There were 17 species of Compositae,accounting for 26.6% of the total,followed by 8 species in Gramineae(12.5%);Four each in Chenopodiaceae,Convolvulaceae,Brassicaceae,Cyperaceae and Amaranthaceae(6.3% each).In early winter,54 weed species belonging to 20 families were found.There were 22 species in Compositae(40.7%),followed by six species in Cruciferae(11%),and Labiatae and Rosaceae had 3 species(5.6%)each.According to the Shannon-Weiner index,weed diversity in peach areas ranked the middle south>east>middle>northwest of Shandong.Weed dominance based on the simpson index in east>middle>middle south>northwest of Shandong;whereas for uniformity the peach area in the middle>northwest>middle south>east of the Shandong Province.The similarity index indicates that the most similar peach-producing regions were the middle south and the middle of Shandong,with a similarity of 0.6441.

关 键 词：桃树 杂草 群落 物种多样性 优势度 

分 类 号：S451.243[农业科学—植物保护]