高、低脂系肉鸡饲料转化效率与消化系统相关性研究  

Relationship between feed efficiency and digestive system of fat and lean line broilers

作　　者：宿志勇 姜海煦 冷丽 白雪[1,2,3] 李玉茂 栾鹏 李辉[1,2,3] 程博涵 SU Zhiyong;JIANG Haixu;LENG Li;BAI Xue;LI Yumao;LUAN Peng;LI Hui;CHENG Bohan(Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction,Education Department of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150030,China;School of Animal Sciences and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部鸡遗传育种重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省普通高等学校动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2021年第12期1-8,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：财政部、农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-41)。

摘　　要：研究以东北农业大学肉鸡高、低腹脂双向选择品系(简称高、低脂系)第23世代鸡为试验材料,测定个体饲料转化效率及消化系统相关性状,比较高、低脂系肉鸡饲料转化效率及消化系统相关性状差异,估计上述测定性状遗传参数。测定结果表明,低脂系肉鸡饲料转化率(FCR)、剩余采食量(RFI)、十二指肠长度(DL)、空肠长度(JL)均显著低于高脂系(P<0.05),低脂系肉鸡回肠长度(IL)、直肠长度(RL)显著高于高脂系(P<0.05),其他性状差异不显著(P>0.05)。遗传力结果表明,腺肌胃重(GMSW)、JL、IL属于高遗传力性状(0.41≤h^(2)≤0.45),肝脏重(LW)和盲肠长度(CL)属于中等遗传力性状(h^(2)=0.36,0.35),DL和RL属于低遗传力性状(h^(2)=0.09,0)。遗传相关结果表明,FCR与GMSW和JL呈中等程度负遗传相关(r_(g)=-0.35,-0.37),FCR与IL和CL呈较低程度负遗传相关(r_(g)=-0.14,-0.12),FCR与DL呈中等程度正遗传相关(r_(g)=0.25),FCR与LW呈较低程度正遗传相关(r_(g)=0.07);RFI与GMSW呈较高程度负遗传相关(r_(g)=-0.46),RFI与JL呈中等程度负遗传相关(r_(g)=-0.32),RFI与IL、CL呈较低程度负遗传相关(r_(g)=-0.18,-0.10),RFI与LW、DL呈较低程度正遗传相关(r_(g)=0.14,0.14)。推测当选育提高肉鸡饲料转化效率,导致GMSW、JL、IL、CL升高,LW、DL下降。研究结果为完善肉鸡平衡育种体系提供参考依据。The individuals from the 23;generation of Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) were used in the present study.The feed efficiency related traits and digestive system related traits were determined and compared between fat and lean line broilers.Subsequently,the genetic parameters of feed efficiency related traits and digestive system related traits of fat and lean broilers were estimated.The results showed that the feed conversion rate (FCR),residual feed intake (RFI),and duodenal length (DL),jejunum length (JL) of lean broilers were significantly lower than those of fat broilers (P<0.05);the ileum length (IL) and rectal length (RL) of lean broilers were significantly higher than those of fat broilers (P<0.05),and other traits were no difference (P>0.05).Glutenous stomach weight (GMSW),JL,and IL were the high heritability traits (0.41≤h^(2)≤0.45),and liver weight (LW) and cecum length (CL) were the moderate heritability traits(h^(2)=0.36,0.35),DL and RL were the low heritability traits (h^(2)=0.09,0).The FCR showed a moderately negative genetic correlation with GMSW and JL (rg=-0.35,-0.37),a lowly negative genetic correlation with IL and CL (r_(g)=-0.14,-0.12),a moderately positive genetic correlation with DL (r_(g)=0.25) and a lowly positive genetic correlation with LW (r_(g)=0.07).The RFI showed a highly negative genetic correlation with GMSW (r_(g)=-0.46),a moderately negative genetic correlation with JL (r_(g)=-0.32),a lowly negative genetic correlation with IL and CL (r_(g)=-0.18,-0.10),a lowly positive genetic correlation with LW and DL(r_(g)=0.14,0.14).It was speculated that when breeding improved the feed efficiency of broilers,GMSW,JL,IL,and CL could increase and LW and DL could decrease.The research could provide references for improving the balanced breeding system of broilers.

关 键 词：肉鸡 饲料转化效率 消化系统 遗传参数 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]