四川低山丘陵区香樟和马尾松凋落叶分解进程中土壤节肢动物多样性  

Diversity of Soil Arthropods during Cinnamomum camphora and Pinus massoniana Litter Decomposition in Low Mountainous and Hilly Areas of Sichuan

作　　者：刘静如 曹艺 李晗[1] 张丽[1] 游成铭 徐振锋[1] 谭波[1] Liu Jingru;Cao Yi;Li Han;Zhang Li;You Chengming;Xu Zhenfeng;Tan Bo(Institute of Ecology&Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Chengdu 611130;Pengzhou Municipal Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources,Chengdu 611930)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室水,土保持与荒漠化防治省级重点实验室,长江上游森林资源保育与生态安全国家林业和草原局重点实验室,成都611130 [2]彭州市规划和自然资源局,成都611930

出　　处：《林业科学》2021年第11期119-133,共15页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870602,31700542,31901295);四川省重大科技专项(2018SZDZX0030);四川农业大学科研兴趣培养项目(2019267)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究四川低山丘陵区香樟和马尾松凋落叶分解进程中土壤节肢动物群落结构及其动态变化,为深入认识森林土壤动物与凋落物分解的相互作用和联系提供参考。【方法】2010年11月,在香樟和马尾松林样地安装15个凋落叶收集器,一年内每月收集2种树种凋落叶,带回实验室自然风干;2011年10月,将风干凋落叶分树种装入20 cm×20 cm分解袋中,分解袋上下孔径分别为3 mm和0.04 mm;2011年11月,将凋落叶分解袋对应埋置于样地内5个5 m×5 m样方中;2011年12月—2015年10月,分11次采集凋落叶分解袋,采用Tullgren漏斗分离收集土壤节肢动物,利用体式解剖镜和生物显微镜镜检计数并分类。【结果】整个分解期间,2种凋落叶中共捕获土壤节肢动物4648只,隶属7纲17目58科,香樟凋落叶中以等节跳科、棘跳科、丽甲螨科和懒甲螨科为优势类群,马尾松凋落叶中多为常见类群。香樟和马尾松2种凋落叶中土壤节肢动物的个体密度和类群数量具有相似的动态变化过程,个体密度分别在分解的746和398天最高,类群数量均在分解的746天最大;土壤节肢动物总体以菌食性数量比例最高,分别占总捕获量的39.48%和38.78%,腐食性数量比例最低,分别占总捕获量的8.02%和8.05%,且菌食性土壤节肢动物占比随凋落叶分解进程逐渐上升,而捕食性和植食性土壤节肢动物占比则不断下降。非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析显示,2种凋落叶中土壤节肢动物群落组成相似性较高;聚类分析表明,2种凋落叶中土壤节肢动物群落相似性随凋落叶分解进程不断降低。【结论】四川低山丘陵区香樟和马尾松凋落叶分解进程中,凋落物类型和分解时间对土壤节肢动物群落结构影响显著。与香樟(阔叶树)凋落叶相比,马尾松(针叶树)凋落叶对土壤节肢动物的特定类群依赖度更高。不同凋落物类型下,土壤节肢动物群落结构和多样性在分解中�【Objective】We conducted a 4-year(2011—2015)litterbag experiment with Cinnamomum camphora and Pinus massoniana litter to explore the dynamics of soil arthropod diversity during the litter decomposition in low mountains and hilly areas of Sichuan,and the changes of the composition and diversity of the soil arthropods community were determined.The objectives of the study are to understand the differences between the short-term and long-term changes of the composition distribution in the soil arthropod community during the long-term litter decomposition,and the changes of soil arthropod diversity during the decomposition of different types of litters.【Method】In November 2010,15 litter collectors were installed in the study site of C.camphora and P.massoniana forests.The fallen leaves of two tree species were collected monthly,and then brought back to the lab for air drying.In October 2011,the air-dried leaves(10±0.05 g)were put into prepared littebags(20 cm×20 cm,the upper and lower apertures were 3 mm and 0.04 mm,respectively).In November 2011,all the litterbags were buried in five(5 m×5 m)plots on the forest floor and the buried litter decomposition bags were retrieved 11 times from December 2011 to October 2015.The soil arthropods were separated and collected by Tullgren funnel,and then counted and classified under anatomical microscope and biological microscope.【Result】During the 4-year study period,a total of 4648 soil arthropods were captured in the litterbags of C.camphora and P.massoniana,belonging to 17 orders and 58 families.The dominant groups of C.camphora were Isotomidae,Onychiuriclae,Liacaridae and Nothridae.The individual density and group number of soil arthropods in the two litter leaves had similar dynamics.The individual density of soil arthropod community in C.camphora reached the highest at 746 d and fell rapidly afterwards,while the that in P.massoniana reached the highest at 398 d.The two communities reached maximum at 746 d,with similar dynamics of group number in the litter d

关 键 词：土壤节肢动物 功能类群 凋落物类型 凋落物分解 亚热带森林 

分 类 号：S718.6[农业科学—林学]