重大水利工程对长江中下游干流河槽和岸线地质环境影响研究  

The influence of major water conservancy projects on the geological environment of channel and shoreline in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：姜月华[1,2] 程和琴 周权平[1,2] 倪化勇[4] 金阳 梅世嘉[1,2] 张鸿[1,2] 顾轩 施斌 顾凯 魏广庆 李云[1,2] 杨国强[1,2] 齐秋菊 JIANG Yuehua;CHENG Heqin;ZHOU Quanping;NI Huayong;JIN Yang;MEI Shijia;ZHANG Hong;GU Xuan;SHI Bin;GU Kai;WEI Guangqing;LI Yun;YANG Guoqiang;QI Qiuju(Nanjing Center,China Geological Survey,Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes,Ministry of Natural Resources,Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu,China;East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241;Chengdu Center,China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610081,Sichuan,China;Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China;Suzhou Nanzhi Sensing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou Industrial Park,Suzhou 215123,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016 [2]自然资源部流域生态地质过程重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [3]华东师范大学,上海200241 [4]中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,四川成都610081 [5]南京大学,江苏南京210023 [6]苏州南智传感科技有限公司,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《中国地质》2021年第6期1681-1696,共16页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查局长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程(工批2015-03-02、0531、0802);中国地质调查局项目(DD20190260、DD20160246)联合资助。

摘　　要：本文主要采取历史水下地形和水位数据分析、干流河槽现场测量、室内测试和综合评价等方法对重大水利工程影响长江中下游干流河槽和岸线进行了分析和研究,取得如下新进展:(1)创新构建了一套多模态传感器系统,实现陆上和水下一体化水动力、沉积和地貌特征测量与数据采集。(2)调查研究发现,长江干流河槽冲刷强烈,岸线窝崩、条崩发育。(3)悬沙和床沙粗化,河床阻力下降,发育侵蚀型链珠状沙波,长江大桥主桥墩冲刷严重。(4)潮区界显著上移,潮区界变动河段地貌发生重要变化。在此基础上,研究认为应该加强长江中下游干流河槽、沿岸高陡岸坡、支流入汇干流河口、崩岸以及跨江大桥桥墩冲刷等调查、监测和成因机理分析。上述研究成果对长江岸滩防护和修复、航道整治、沿岸防洪、长江大桥桥墩维护等具有重要意义。Based on the analysis of historical underwater topography and water level data,field measurement,laboratory test and comprehensive evaluation,the influence of major water conservancy projects on the channels and shorelines of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is studied.Some new progresses have been made.Firstly,a multi-mode sensor system was innovatively constructed to integrate the measurements of land and underwater hydrodynamic,sedimentary and geomorphic characteristics and data acquisition.Secondly,it was found that the main channel of the Yangtze River experienced strong erosion,arc collapse,and strip collapse.Thirdly,the hanging sand and bed sand were coarsened.The resistance of the river bed dropped,which caused the forming of the erosion type chain bead sand wave.The main piers of the Yangtze River Bridge were subjected to serious erosion.Finally,the tidal limit obviously moved up,and the geomorphology of the river changed significantly.On this basis,it is suggested that the investigation,monitoring and mechanism analysis should be strengthened on main river channel,high and steep slope along the bank,the estuary where the tributaries join the main stream,bank collapsing,cross-river bridge pier scour and so on.These results are of great significance to the protection and restoration of the bank and beach of the Yangtze River,the waterway regulation,the coastal flood control,and the maintenance of the piers of the Yangtze River Bridge.

关 键 词：长江中下游地区 潮区界 崩岸 窝崩 河槽冲刷 侵蚀和淤积 地质调查工程 

分 类 号：P737.1[天文地球—海洋地质] TV147[天文地球—海洋科学]