华东地区含煤岩系天然放射性水平与生态健康风险评价  

Natural radioactive level and ecological health assessment of coal-bearing strata in the East China

作　　者：许乃政 匡福祥[1] 叶隽 张麟熹 魏信祥 曾文乐 钟启龙 XU Naizheng;KUANG Fuxiang;YE Jun;ZHANG Linxi;WEI Xinxiang;ZENG Wenle;ZHONG Qilong(Nanjing Center,China Geological Survey,Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes,Ministry of Natural Resources,Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu,China;Jiangxi Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau Testing Center,Nanchang 330002,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau,Nanchang 330046,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016 [2]自然资源部流域生态地质过程重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [3]江西核工业地质局测试研究中心,江西南昌330002 [4]江西核工业地质局,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《中国地质》2021年第6期1790-1803,共14页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20190354,DD20160135);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20151093)联合资助。

摘　　要：本次研究基于地表γ辐射剂量率、氡放射性测量及^(238)U、^(232)Th、^(226)Ra、^(40)K放射性核素测试,识别华东地区含煤岩系的放射性异常地层,评价区域典型煤矿区空气、固体、水体、植物介质的天然放射性水平。结果显示:赋存于石炭系、二叠系的普通煤田与赋存于寒武系的石煤矿区呈现显著差异的天然放射性水平。普通煤田矿区地表γ辐射剂量率、氡放射性测量值总体上处于本底水平范围,矿区固体介质、水体、植物样品核素含量处于正常水平,不存在放射性污染。华东地区石煤分布带,属于放射性γ辐射高背景区,石煤矿区的原煤、煤矸石、土壤、岩石等固体介质的^(238)U、^(226)Ra核素富集明显,并显示更为显著的空间变异性。区域石煤条带监测矿区居民源于γ外照射引起的吸收剂量均超过国际标准限值1 mSv/a,总有效剂量均超过了2 mSv/a,地下水总α、总β浓度为限值的10~30倍,放射性污染不容忽视。华东地区石煤矿区公众所受辐射剂量较高,矿区的地下水、建材、植物等介质已经出现零星的放射性污染,应加强石煤矿区放射性环境监测,及时采取适当的控制措施。Based on the measurement ofγradiation dose rate,radon radioactivity and ^(238)U、^(232)Th、^(226)Ra、^(40)K radionuclide testing,the radioactive anomalies of coal-bearing strata in East China were identified to evaluate the specific activities of natural radio-nuclides in air,solid,water and plant in the typical area of the regional coal-bearing occurrences.The results show that there are significant differences in natural radioactivity between the Carboniferous-Permian common coalfields and the Cambrian stone coal occurrences.Theγradiation dose rate and radon radioactivity measured on the surface of ordinary coal mining area are generally in the background level range,and the nuclide content of solid medium,water body and plant samples in the mining area is in the normal level,and there is no radioactive pollution.The stone coal distribution zone in East China belongs to the high background region of radioactiveγradiation,and the ^(238)U and ^(226)Ra obviously are accumulated in coal,coal gangue,soil,rock,and the spatial distribution of these natural radionuclides shows significant variability.In the monitoring area,the effective dose ofγradiation exceeds the international limit value of 1 mSv/a,the total effective dose exceeded 2 mSv/a,and totalαand totalβconcentrations of the groundwater are 10~30 times of the limit values.Theγradiation shows higher background value in the stone coal-bearing area,and radioactive pollution cannot be ignored.The public in the stone coal area of the East China is subjected to higher radiation dose,and groundwater,building material and plant have been contaminated by radioactive pollution sporadically.It is necessary to strengthen monitoring of radioactive environment and take appropriate control measures.

关 键 词：含煤岩系 天然放射性 放射性辐射剂量 生态健康 煤田地质调查工程 华东地区 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]