基于社会阶层的公共服务设施空间公正性——以兰州市中心城区为例  

SPATIAL JUSTICE OF PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES BASED ON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION:A CASE STUDY OF THE CENTRAL URBAN AREA OF LANZHOU

作　　者：张志斌[1] 陈龙[1] 笪晓军 董建红[1] ZHANG Zhibin;CHEN Long;DA Xiaojun;DONG Jianhong

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学 [2]中国城市发展研究院西北研究院

出　　处：《城市规划》2021年第12期48-58,共11页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41961029,41161028)资助。

摘　　要：社会阶层化下城市公共服务设施的可接近性以及居民享有公共服务的空间公正,对实现基本公共服务均等化、公平规划与和谐社会具有重要意义。以兰州市为例,通过网络爬虫工具获取中心城区商品房居住小区和公共服务设施数据,运用分层聚类分析将居住小区划分为不同社会阶层,再运用ArcGIS渔网工具将研究单元划分为273块空间单元,然后构建模型识别不同空间单元的社会阶层属性,计算不同阶层内公共服务设施的空间可接近性和社会公正性。结果表明:(1)社会阶层呈“中心-高阶层、外围-低阶层”的圈层结构;(2)不同社会阶层获取公共服务的差异性显著,中产阶层获取公共服务的能力最强,贫困阶层最弱;(3)拥有公共服务设施数量的社会阶层由多到少依次为精英阶层、中产阶层、低产阶层和贫困阶层,精英阶层优势十分明显。公共服务设施空间分布距离城市中心越远越稀跣,具有显著的“核心-边缘”特征;⑷公共服务设施的空间公正性由高到低依次为精英阶层、中产阶层、低产阶层、贫困阶层,各阶层享有公共服务资源的“贫富”差距悬殊。整体来看,空间公正与社会公平也存在明显的边缘“弱化”现象。The accessibility of urban public service facilities under social stratification and the spatial justice of residents’enjoyment of public services are of great significance to the realization of equalization of basic public services,fair planning,and harmonious society.Taking Lanzhou City as an example,we obtain the data of commercial housing residential neighborhoods and public service facilities in the central city through web crawler tools,use hierarchical cluster analysis to divide residential neighborhoods into different social groups,then apply ArcGIS fishnet tools to divide the research units into 273 spatial units,and then build a model to identify the attributes of different social groups in different spatial units and calculate the spatial accessibility and social justice of public service facilities within different groups.The results show that:(1)the distribution of social groups shows a concentric structure with“the high-income group in central area and the low-income group in the peripheral area”;(2)different social groups have significantly different access to public services,with the middle-income group having the strongest access to public services and the poverty-stricken group the weakest;(3)the social groups with public service facilities are,in descending order,the elite,the middle-income group,the low-income group,and the poverty-stricken group,with the elite having a clear advantage,and the further away from the city center,the more sparse the distribution is,with a significant“core-periphery”characteristic;(4)the spatial justice of public service facilities is,in descending order,the elite,the middle-income group,the low-income group,and the poverty-stricken group,and the gap between the rich and the poor in terms of access to public service resources is huge.On the whole,spatial justice and social equity are also clearly“weakened”at the periphery.

关 键 词：社会阶层 公共服务设施 空间公正 社会公平 兰州市 

分 类 号：TU984.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]