殖民主义、城市规划与现代国家建构——20世纪初美国“城市美化运动”在菲律宾的实践  

Colonialism,City Planning and Nation Making:The City Beautiful Movement in the Philippines at the Beginning of 20th Century

作　　者：王跻崭 WANG Jizhan(School of Humanity and Law,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学人文与法学学院历史学系

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2021年第5期23-52,154,155,共32页Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：20世纪初,随着美国的对外扩张,其亚洲殖民地菲律宾成为美国"城市美化运动"最大的海外实践基地。在美国,城市美化运动旨在通过综合性规划解决城市化带来的一系列发展问题。而在菲律宾,城市规划的首要目标是重构政治空间,在此基础上建构一个以殖民宗主国美国为模板的菲律宾现代国家。丹尼尔·H.伯纳姆和威廉·帕森斯等美国规划师不但重塑了菲律宾首都马尼拉的公共空间,还将美国的城市美化模式推广到群岛各地。他们将现代性和美式民主制度的特性提炼成直观的空间表达方式,试图向菲律宾民众展示美国民主改革和菲律宾现代国家建构的方向,构建殖民者认可的菲律宾现代国家、将国家统治扩展到整个菲律宾群岛并整合菲律宾经济,从而引导菲律宾走上美国设计的"现代化"道路。这在一定程度上影响了菲律宾的政治经济发展和民族国家建构。At the beginning of the 20 th Century, as U. S. acquired its first Asian colony,the Philippines soon became the main overseas experimental site of “City Beautiful Movement”. In the U. S. mainland, “City Beautiful Movement”aimed to solve city problems coming with urbanization. Whereas in the Philippines, the prime goal of city planning wasto reconstruct political space, in order to structure a modern nation-state according to U. S.mode. American planners like Daniel H. Burnham and William Parsons abstracted modernity and American democracy into spatial expression, to showcase the direction of political reform and nation-making for Filipinos. The city planning directed by the American colonial government propelled the Philippine nation making aspects of identity construction, geo-body formation and national economic integration, therefore, has a deep impact on politics, economy and nation making of the Philippines.

关 键 词：城市美化运动 城市规划 美国 菲律宾 殖民主义 国家建构 

分 类 号：D734.14[政治法律—政治学]