2013-2019年31个重点城市大气污染趋势及防治效果  

Trend and Control Effect of Air Pollution in 31 Key Cities of China,2013-2019

作　　者：王丽[1] 董少霞[1] 杜鹏[1] 董小艳[1] WANG Li;DONG Shaoxia;DU Peng;DONG Xiaoyan

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,100050

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2021年第6期492-500,共9页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41771435)。

摘　　要：目的分析2013—2019年我国31个重点城市大气污染的变化趋势及主要大气污染物的分布特征,总结和交流2013年以来我国在大气污染防治方面取得的成绩和经验,旨在为控制我国大气污染提供数据支持。方法从2014—2020年中国统计年鉴收集2013—2019年31个重点城市大气SO_(2)、NO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、CO_(P95)和O_(3)-8 h_(P90)年均质量浓度数据,依据《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)中二级限值标准对污染物数据进行判断。采用综合污染指数法和Daniel趋势检验法评估城市大气质量总体状况和年度趋势分析。不同年度、不同地区污染物质量浓度之间的比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。对不同阶段31个重点城市大气污染物年均质量浓度进行聚类分析。结果2013—2019年空气综合污染指数呈下降趋势(r_(s)=-1.000,P<0.01)。2019年,大气污染以PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_(3)和NO_(2)为主,污染负荷分别为24.60%、21.25%、21.66%和20.40%。2013—2019年SO_(2)、NO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、CO_(P95)年均质量浓度分别下降73.81%、19.57%、46.03%、48.00%和44.44%,其中,SO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和CO_(P95)年均质量浓度呈下降趋势(r_(s)为-1.000~-0.883,P<0.05);O_(3)-8 h_(P90)呈缓慢上升趋势(r_(s)=0.893,P<0.05),上升幅度达21.37%。华北地区重点城市空气污染较重,华南和华东地区污染较轻。2016—2019年31个重点城市大气污染物(O_(3)除外)水平显著低于2013—2015年。结论2013年以来,我国大气综合污染指数逐年下降,大气质量显著改善,大气污染防治工作取得一定进展。当前PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、O_(3)和NO_(2)仍是我国大气污染的主要防治对象。今后应强化PM_(2.5)与O_(3)协同治理,减少污染物尤其是VOCs与NOx的排放。重点加强京津冀及其周边地区的大气污染防治工作。Objective To analyze the changing trend of air pollution and the distribution characteristics of main air pollutants in 31 key cities of China during 2013—2019,to summarize and exchange the achievements and experience in air pollution prevention and control in China since 2013,and to provide data support for guiding air pollution control in China.Methods The annual mean mass concentration data of SO_(2),NO_(2),PM_(10),PM_(2.5),CO_(P95),and O_(3)-8 h_(P90)in the atmosphere of 31 key cities during 2013—2019 were collected from China Statistical Yearbook from 2014 to 2020,and the data of the pollutants were evaluated based on the class II limit standards in the Ambient air quality standards(GB 3095-2012).The comprehensive pollution index method and the Daniel trend test method were used to evaluate the overall situation and annual trend of urban air quality,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the mass concentrations of pollutants of different years and regions.A cluster analysis was performed for the annual mean mass concentrations of air pollutants in 31 key cities at different stages.Results Comprehensive air pollution index tended to decrease during 2013-2019(r_(s)=-1.000,P<0.01).In 2019,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),O_(3),and NO_(2)were the main air pollutants,with a contribution of 24.60%,21.25%,21.66%,and 20.40%,respectively.From 2013 to 2019,the annual mean mass concentrations of SO_(2),NO_(2),PM_(10),PM_(2.5),and CO_(P95)were reduced by 73.81%,19.57%,46.03%,48.00%,and 44.44%,respectively,and the annual mean concentrations of SO_(2),PM_(10),PM_(2.5),and CO_(P95)tended to decrease(r_(s) ranged from-1.000 to-0.883,P<0.05),while the annual mean concentration of O_(3)-8 h_(P90)tended to increase slowly by 21.37%(r_(s)=0.893,P<0.05).The key cities in North China were polluted heavily,while those in South China and East Chi-na were polluted slightly.For these 31 key cities,the levels of the above air pollutants except O_(3)during 2016-2019 were significantly lower than those during 2013-2015.Conclusion Since 2

关 键 词：大气污染 防治 趋势 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]