《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》实施情况调查  

Survey on Implementation of the Hygienic Specification of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings

作　　者：姜帅 余淑苑[1] 陈国敏 方道奎[1] 冯锦姝[1] 彭朝琼[1] JIANG Shuai;YU Shuyuan;CHEN Guomin;FANG Daokui;FENG Jinshu;PENG Chaoqiong

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,518000

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2021年第6期529-536,共8页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心卫生标准实施评估项目;中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康研究基地(深圳)项目;深圳市三名工程项目(SZSM201811070);深圳市医学重点学科(SZXK067)。

摘　　要：目的调查和分析《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(WS 394-2012)(以下简称“《规范》”)实施过程中相关单位的使用情况和存在问题,为规范修订工作提供技术支持。方法2019年10—12月,选择广东省及江苏省的4个区和重庆市的3个区的集中空调使用单位、检测单位及监督执法单位共84家单位进行《规范》实施情况的问卷调查。结果共收集调查问卷156份。100%的集中空调通风系统使用单位认为《规范》的出台对集中空调通风系统日常卫生管理工作起到促进作用。80.4%的监督执法人员认为《规范》实施后其所在地区公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况有了显著改善。79.2%的使用单位能够达到《规范》中的卫生管理要求,但仅有12.5%的使用单位达到《规范》中的设计卫生要求。新风量、空气净化消毒装置、送风口和回风口均配置防虫媒装置、应急关闭回风和新风装置均配备的达标率分别为50.0%、56.3%、60.4%和66.7%。1类场馆新风量的达标率(40.0%)显著低于2类场馆(76.9%),半集中式空调系统的空气净化消毒装置及防虫媒装置配置的达标率(分别为44.8%和48.3%)显著低于集中式空调系统(分别为73.7%和78.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。90.0%的检测单位开展了集中空调通风系统卫生学检测工作,但是65.0%的检测单位不具备《规范》中10项指标的检测能力,45.0%的检测单位未配备集中空调风管内表面采样机器人的设备。检测单位无法开展的项目主要是送风中嗜肺军团菌、β-溶血性链球菌、新风量及冷却水和冷凝水中嗜肺军团菌,主要原因是缺少设备、缺少检验人员及检验方法开展难度大。监督执法单位每年至少开展1次卫生监督工作,87.5%的监督执法人员接受过《规范》的宣贯培训,但56.5%的人员不能熟练掌握卫生管理知识。结论《规范》的实施对我国公共场所集中空调通风Objective To investigate the use situation and problems of relevant institutions in the implementation of the Hygienic Specification of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings(WS 394-2012),and to provide technical support for the revision of the specification.Methods We conducted a question-naire survey on the implementation of the specification among 84 institutions including central air conditioner users,testing agencies,and supervision and law enforcement agencies in 4 districts of Guangdong province and Jiangsu province and 3 districts of Chongqing municipality,China from October to December in 2019.Results A total of 156 questionnaires were collected.All institutional users believed that the specification promoted the routine hy-giene management of the central air conditioning ventilation system.Of the supervision and law enforcement person-nel,80.4%believed that there was a significant improvement in the hygiene of the central air conditioning ventila-tion system in local public buildings after the implementation of the specification.Of the institutional users,79.2%could reach all the hygiene management requirements in the specification,and only 12.5%of the institutional users could reach the hygienic design requirements in the specification.The compliance rate was 50.0%for fresh air vol-ume,56.3%for the air purification and disinfection device,60.4%for the insect vector control device for both the fresh air outlet and return air inlet,and 66.7%for the emergency shutdown device for both return air and fresh air.The compliance rate of fresh air volume of class 1 buildings was significantly lower than that of class 2 buildings(40.0%vs 76.9%,P<0.05).The semi-central air conditioning system had significantly lower compliance rates than the central air conditioning system in equipping the air purification and disinfection device(44.8%vs 73.7%,P<0.05)and the insect vector control device(48.3%vs 78.9%,P<0.05).As for the testing agen-cies,90.0%carried out hygienic testing of the central air

关 键 词：集中空调通风系统 卫生规范 公共场所 效果评估 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]