化肥减量配施微生物肥对黄芪生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Microbial Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Astragalus membranaceus

作　　者：刘华[1] 李明[1] 田永强 马斌 LIU Hua;LI Ming;TIAN Yong-qiang;MA Bin(Institute of Desertification Control,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Longde Baoyisheng Pharmaceutical Limited Company,Longde 753600,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]隆德县葆易圣药业有限公司,宁夏隆德756300

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第1期67-70,共4页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划一般项目(2019BBF03006);宁夏农业科技自主创新资金(NGSB-2021-16);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：为促进黄芪的生态种植,本试验设空白对照(CK1)、常规施肥(CK2,N 90.75 kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)74.10 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 132.00 kg·hm^(-2))、常规施肥+EM(T1)、化肥减量20%+EM(T2,化肥用量比CK2减少20%)、化肥减量40%+EM(T3,化肥用量比CK2减少40%)、化肥减量60%+EM(T4,化肥用量比CK2减少60%)处理,通过化肥减量配施微生物肥的试验研究适宜黄芪种植的投入低、能增产、易操作、可推广的施肥技术措施。结果表明:减施化肥配施EM菌肥能显著促进黄芪的生长,与常规施肥相比,化肥减量60%配施微生物肥投入小,能节约投入45%,增产17.4%,说明该处理投入小且能获得较高的产量。适宜黄芪的减施化肥配施微生物肥施肥方式为施N 36.30 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)29.64 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 52.80 kg·hm^(-2),配施EM微生物肥稀释1000倍7500 mL·hm^(-2)灌根处理。In order to promote the ecological planting of Astragalus membranaceus,this experiment set control(CK1),conventional fertilization(CK2,N 90.75 kg·ha^(-1),P_(2)O_(5) 74.10 kg·ha^(-1),K_(2)O 132.00 kg·ha^(-1)),conventional fertilization+EM(T1),chemical fertilizer reduction 20%+EM(T2,chemical fertilizer consumption 20%less than CK2),chemical fertilizer reduction 40%+EM(T3,chemical fertilizer consumption 40%less than CK2),chemical fertilizer reduction 60%+EM(T4,chemical fertilizer consumption 60%less than CK2)treatment,through the experiment of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer,the fertilization technical measures suitable for Astragalus planting with low investment,high yield,easy operation and popularization were studied.The results showed that the reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with EM bacterial fertilizer could significantly promote the growth of Astragalus membranaceus.Compared with conventional fertilization,the reduction of chemical fertilizer by 60%combined with microbial fertilizer could save 45%and increase 17.4%,indicating that the treatment had small investment and high yield.The suitable fertilization methods for Astragalus membranaceus were N 36.30 kg·ha^(-1),P_(2)O_(5)29.64 kg·ha^(-1),K_(2)O 52.80 kg·ha^(-1),EM microbial fertilizer diluted 1000 times and 7500 mL·ha^(-1).

关 键 词：化肥减量 微生物肥 黄芪 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]