玉米、三叶草秸秆和蚯蚓堆肥施用对黄河故道潮土理化性状的影响  

Effect of maize and clover straw and vermicompost application on the physical-chemical properties of silty loam soil

作　　者：白洁瑞 刘庆峰 于建光[2,3,4] 陈小云 肖新[5] 李勇 BAI Jie-rui;LIU Qing-feng;YU Jian-guang;CHEN Xiao-yun;XIAO Xin;LI Yong(Plant Technology Promotion Centre of Jintan District,Changzhou Jiangsu 213200;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014;College of Resources and Environment,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095;Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment at the Lower Reach of the Yangtze River Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014;College of Resource and Environment,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang Anhui 233100)

机构地区：[1]江苏省常州市金坛区种植业技术推广中心,江苏常州213200 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [4]农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [5]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第6期18-24,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503136);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(17)1001];金坛区测土配方施肥项目(2019年部级项目)。

摘　　要：为了解玉米秸秆、三叶草秸秆和蚯蚓堆肥施用对黄河故道潮土理化性状的影响,通过室内盆钵培养方式,设置对照(CK)、玉米秸秆(M)、三叶草秸秆(C)、蚯蚓堆肥(V)、玉米秸秆+三叶草秸秆(MC)、玉米秸秆+蚯蚓堆肥(MV)、三叶草秸秆+蚯蚓堆肥(CV)和玉米秸秆+三叶草秸秆+蚯蚓堆肥(MCV)8个处理,在28℃和80%土壤田间持水量下,经暗室好氧培养180 d后,测定各处理黄河故道潮土理化性状的变化情况。结果表明:添加3种有机物料均能减小黄河故道潮土pH值,降幅分别为4.12%、8.05%和1.62%,同时提高黄河故道潮土电导率,提高幅度分别为77.55%、288.06%和56.34%,其影响顺序均为三叶草秸秆>玉米秸秆>蚯蚓堆肥;添加3种有机物料均会增加土壤大团聚体比例和土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD),其中MWD增幅分别为154.20%、71.92%和12.99%,其影响顺序为玉米秸秆>三叶草秸秆>蚯蚓堆肥;添加3种有机物料均会增加土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,其中玉米秸秆和三叶草秸秆施用后增加土壤有机碳、全氮和速效钾含量的作用明显强于蚯蚓堆肥,而蚯蚓堆肥施入土壤后对土壤有效磷含量的提升作用强于玉米秸秆和三叶草秸秆。总之,3种有机物料施用均可改善黄河故道潮土的理化性状,考虑到土壤氮磷钾养分的均衡供应与团聚体结构改善,玉米、三叶草秸秆配合施用蚯蚓堆肥的综合效果更好。In order to understand the effects of maize straw,clover straw and vermicompost on the physical-chemical properties of silty loam soil,and to accurately evaluate the role of organic material application in the soil improvement of the Yellow River floodplain in Jiangsu province,under 28℃and 80%soil field water holding capacity,eight treatments(CK,M,C,V,MC,MV,CV and MCV,CK means control check,M means maize straw,C means clover straw,V means vermicompost)were used to test the changes of physical-chemical properties in silty loam soil after 180 d culture.The results showed that the pH and conductivity of the silty loam soil decreased and increased separately with the addition of three kinds of organic materials,and the order of effect was clover straw>maize straw>vermicompost.The pH of M,C,V decreased by 4.12%,8.05%and 1.62%,respectively,and the conductivity increased by 77.55%,288.06%and 56.34%,respectively.The addition of three kinds of organic materials increased the proportion of soil macroaggregate and the mean weight diameter of soil aggregate(MWD),and the order of effect was maize straw>clover straw>vermicompost.Among them,MWD of M,C,V increased by 154.20%,71.92%and 12.99%,respectively.All three kinds of organic materials increased the content of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The effects of maize straw and clover straw on the content of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and available potassium were significantly stronger than that of vermicompost,and the effect of vermicompost on the content of soil available phosphorus was stronger than that of maize straw and clover straw.In a word,the application of three kinds of organic materials can improve the physical-chemical properties of silty loam soil.Considering the balanced supply of nutrients and the improvement of aggregate structure,the effect of combination application of three organic materials is better.

关 键 词：有机物料 黄河故道潮土 理化性状 团聚体 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S153[农业科学—农业基础科学]