行间生草对核桃园土壤养分、有机碳组分及酶活性影响  

Effects of interrow grass on soil nutrients,organic carbon components and enzyme activities in walnut orchard

作　　者：程滨 赵瑞芬[1] 滑小赞 郑普山 王森 王钊 CHENG Bin;ZHAO Rui-fen;HUA Xiao-zan;ZHENG Pu-shan;WANG Sen;WANG Zhao(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources Key Environment Department of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,山西太原030031

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第6期57-64,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划(201803D221003-5);山西农业大学2021年度产业引领工程项目(CYYL-02)。

摘　　要：探讨行间生草对核桃园土壤养分、有机碳组分及酶活性的影响,为核桃园的土壤管理提供理论依据和基本资料。以汾阳核桃园土壤为研究对象,设置大豆、毛苕子、箭筈豌豆、黑麦草、自然生草、清耕6个处理,每个处理重复3次,研究核桃园不同土壤深度(0~60 cm)的土壤养分、有机碳组分、酶活性的变化特征。结果表明,随着土层深度的增加,土壤养分含量、酶活性、有机碳组分含量呈降低的趋势,生草对土壤表层(0~20 cm)的影响最大。在0~20 cm土层,与清耕相比,黑麦草处理显著增加土壤有效磷、速效钾的含量,分别为清耕的1.18、1.15倍;豆科植物(箭筈豌豆、毛苕子、大豆)处理下的土壤全氮、碱解氮含量分别提高了17.0%~19.3%、9.7%~11.7%。种植黑麦草的土壤总有机碳(TOC)、轻质有机碳(LFOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)含量分别提高了21.3%、46.0%、40.1%、12.8%、37.0%;在20~40 cm土层,种植黑麦草的TOC、LFOC、DOC、POC、ROC含量分别提高了16.1%、46.0%、22.7%、8.2%、25.3%。豆科植物(大豆)处理显著提高土壤脲酶的活性(P<0.05),提高了16.0%;黑麦草处理显著提高了土壤的蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性(P<0.05),分别提高了10.2%、32.5%、121.4%。因此,要根据土壤肥力状况,选择不同的生草进行种植。The effects of growing grass on soil nutrients,organic carbon components and enzyme activities in walnut orchards were explored to provide theoretical basis and basic data for walnut orchard soil management in this study.Taking the soil of Fenyang walnut orchard as the research object,six treatments of soybean,vetch,farrow pea,ryegrass,natural grass and clear ploughing were set up,each treatment repeats 3 times and the variation characteristics of soil nutrients,organic carbon components,and soil enzyme activities in the walnut orchard’s different soil depths(0~60 cm)were studied.The results showed that as the depth of the soil layer increased,the soil nutrient content,enzyme activity,and soil organic carbon component content showed a decreasing trend,and grass had the greatest impact on the 0~20 cm soil.In the 0~20 cm soil layer,compared with clear tillage,ryegrass treatment significantly increased the content of soil available phosphorus and available potassium,which were 1.18 and 1.15 times of that of clear tillage.The content of total nitrogen and alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil of treatments with legumes(farrow pea,vetch,soybean)increased by 17.0%~19.3%and 9.7%~11.7%,respectively.The contents of total organic carbon(TOC),light fraction organic carbon(LFOC),dilutable organic carbon(DOC),particulate organic carbon(POC)and readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROC)of planting ryegrass increased by 21.3%,46.0%,40.1%,12.8%and 37.0%,respectively.In 20~40 cm soil layer,the contents of TOC,LFOC,DOC,POC,ROC of planting ryegrass treatment increased by 16.1%,46.0%,22.7%,8.2%and 25.3%,respectively.Leguminous plant(soybean)treatment significantly increased soil urease activity(P<0.05)by 16.0%;ryegrass treatment significantly increased soil invertase,phosphatase,and catalase activities(P<0.05)by 10.2%,32.5%and 121.4%,respectively.Therefore,it is necessary to choose different grasses for planting according to the soil fertility status.

关 键 词：生草栽培 土壤养分 有机碳组分 酶活性 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学] S158[农业科学—园艺学]