耕作方式对山地烟田耕层养分库容和烤烟根系、土壤水氮空间分布特征的影响  

Effects of different tillage methods on soil nutrient storage capacity,spatial distribution of water and nitrogen and root morphology of flue-cured tobacco in mountainous tobacco fields

作　　者：刘棋 王皓 张留臣[4] 封幸兵[4] 王津军[4] 邓小鹏[1] 李军营[1] 马二登[1] 童文杰[1] LIU Qi;WANG Hao;ZHANG Liu-chen;FENG Xing-bing;WANG Jin-jun;DENG Xiao-peng;LI Jun-ying;MA Er-deng;TONG Wen-jie(Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650021;Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University,Sanya Hainan 572025;China Tobacco Leaf Company,Beijing 100055;China Tobacco Company Yunnan Branch,Kunming Yunnan 650011)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,云南昆明650021 [2]三亚中国农业大学研究院,海南三亚572025 [3]中国烟叶公司,北京100055 [4]中国烟草总公司云南省公司,云南昆明650011

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第6期104-111,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划重点项目(2018530000241016,2019530000241011)。

摘　　要：针对山地烟田耕层浅、土壤库容量小、保水保肥性能差的问题,研究不同耕层扩增技术对改善耕层结构、扩充土壤水分养分库容、促进烤烟根系发育和提升山地烟田烟叶产量质量的影响,筛选适宜山地中烤烟生产应用的耕层扩增技术。2018年在云南省玉溪市开展大田试验,以烤烟‘K326’为研究材料,设置旋耕20 cm(RT 20,对照)、深翻30 cm(DT 30)、深松30 cm(ST 30)和深松40 cm(ST 40)4个处理,研究不同耕作方式对土壤养分库容、水氮空间分布及烤烟根系形态特征的影响。与RT 20相比,深翻、深松措施显著提高烤烟产量产值,其中DT 30、ST 30、ST 40产量分别比RT 20高12.2%、12.3%和16.0%,产值分别比RT 20高10.5%、13.9%和21.8%。深翻、深松措施显著提高山地烟田耕层厚度、耕层土壤有效养分总库容量,其中DT 30、ST 30和ST 40处理耕层厚度分别比RT 20增加50.4%、40.8%和93.2%,有效养分总库容量分布比RT 20高17.7%、26.1%和34.9%。深翻、深松显著提高20~40 cm土层烤烟根系分布和土壤含水量,其中DT 30、ST 30和ST 40处理根长密度比RT 20分别增加36.2%、39.1%和59.6%,根表面积分别比RT 20高73.0%、103.6%和86.9%,根体积分别比RT 20高75.6%、54.4%和86.2%,土壤含水量分别比RT 20高6.3%、5.3%和7.9%。0~50 cm土层DT 30、ST 30和ST 40处理土壤氮素分别较RT 20降低7.7%、9.7%和11.1%。深翻、深松措施可有效扩增山地烟田耕层厚度,显著增加耕层土壤有效养分库容,可协同优化烤烟根系、土壤水分、土壤全氮空间分布特征,显著提升烟叶产量产值。下一步应注意农机农艺融合,配套小型深翻深松机械,因地制宜推广应用。Aiming at the problems of shallow plough layer,small capacity of soil bank and poor performance of water and fertilizer conservation in mountain tobacco field,the effects of different plough layer amplification techniques on improving plough layer structure,expanding soil water and nutrient storage capacity,promoting the development of flue-cured tobacco root system and improving the yield and quality of tobacco in mountain tobacco field were studied,and the suitable plough layer amplification techniques for tobacco production in mountain were selected.In 2018,field experiment were carried out in Yuxi,Yunnan province.Flue-cured tobacco‘K326’was used as the research material.Four treatments,rotary tillage 20 cm(RT 20,control),deep tillage 30 cm(DT 30),deep loosening 30 cm(ST 30)and deep loosening 40 cm(ST 40),were used to study the effects of different tillage methods on soil nutrient storage capacity,spatial distribution of water and nitrogen and morphological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco root system.The results showed that compared with the control rotary tillage(RT 20),deep tillage and subsoiling significantly increased the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco.The yield was increased by 12.2%,12.3%and 16.0%,meanwhile the output was increased by 10.5%,13.9%and 21.8%by the DT 30,ST 30 and ST 40 treatments,respectively.Deep tillage and deep loosening significantly increased the thickness of tillage layer and the total capacity of available nutrient pool in tobacco field.The thickness of tillage layer in DT 30,ST 30 and ST 40 treatments increased by 50.4%,40.8%and 93.2%respectively,and the total capacity distribution of available nutrient pool was 17.7%,26.1%and 34.9%higher than that of the control.The root distribution and soil water content of flue-cured tobacco in 20~40 cm soil layer were significantly increased by deep tillage and deep loosening.The root length and density of DT 30,ST 30 and ST 40 treatments were 36.2%,39.1%and 59.6%higher than that of the control,respectively.The root surf

关 键 词：耕作方式 养分库容 土壤水分 氮素分布 根系空间分布 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]