减氮对机插杂交籼稻产量及光合特性的影响  

Effect of nitrogen reduction on the yield and photosynthetic characteristics of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice

作　　者：徐文波 李敏[2] 罗德强[2] 江学海[2] 蒋明金 姬广梅[2] 周维佳[2] XU Wen-bo;LI Min;LUO De-qiang;JIANG Xue-hai;JIANG Ming-jin;JI Guang-mei;ZHOU Wei-jia(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025;Rice Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang Guizhou 550006)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第6期189-196,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD03006-4);国家自然科学基金(31660369)。

摘　　要：探索不同减氮量对机插杂交籼稻产量及光合特性的影响,为水稻合理减氮提供理论依据。以宜香优2115和F优498为试验材料,在品种最高产施氮量(180kg/hm^(2),N_(180))基础上,设置减氮1/6(150 kg/hm^(2),N_(150))、减氮1/3(_(120) kg/hm^(2),N_(120))和不施氮(0 kg/hm^(2),N_(0))共3种减氮处理,研究减氮对机插杂交籼稻茎蘖生长动态、叶面积指数、光合势、粒叶比、干物质积累与转运、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:(1)与N_(180)处理相比,两水稻品种在N_(150)、N_(120)和N_(0)条件下的产量平均分别降低3.09%、9.04%和34.37%,其中N_(150)与N_(180)产量差异未达显著水平。与N_(180)相比,N_(150)条件下2个水稻品种的有效穗数和穗粒数平均分别降低7.57%和0.81%,结实率和千粒重分别提高1.98%和0.87%;N_(120)条件下水稻结实率和千粒重有所提高,但有效穗数和穗粒数持续显著降低。(2)与N_(180)相比,3种减氮条件下水稻各时期的茎蘖数、叶面积指数、干物质积累量以及各生育阶段的光合势、群体生长率均呈不断降低趋势;N_(150)条件下水稻抽穗期叶面积指数较N_(180)未有显著差异,但高效叶面积率平均提高4.58%,粒叶比增加,同时抽穗至成熟阶段的干物质积累率平均提高4.11%,干物质转运率和转化率平均分别提高13.82%和6.89%,这是其保持较高产量的重要生理原因。因此,适量减氮条件下杂交籼稻品种可通过自身调节以优化群体光合结构,促进抽穗后干物质积累与转运,维持较高产量水平;过量减氮造成群体生长量显著降低,难以高产。To explore the effect of different nitrogen reductions on the yield and photosynthetic characteristics of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice,and to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable nitrogen reduction in rice,based on the most high yield nitrogen application rate(180 kg/hm^(2),N_(180)),field experiment with three kinds of nitrogen reduction(N_(150):1/6 of nitrogen reduction;N_(120):1/3 of nitrogen reduction;N_(0):without nitrogen application)were conducted to study the tiller dynamic,leaf area index,photosynthetic potential,grain-leaf ratio,dry matter accumulation and translocation,yield and its components of hybrid indica rice with Yixiangyou 2115 and Fyou 498 as materials.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the N_(180) treatment,the yields of two rice varieties in N_(150),N_(120) and N_(0) conditions were decreased by 3.09%,9.04%and 34.37%,respectively.Compared with N_(180),the effective panicle number and grains per panicle of rice in N_(150) were decreased by 7.57%and 0.81%,respectively,and the seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight were increased by 1.98%and 0.87%respectively.The seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of rice in N_(120) increased,but the effective panicle number and grains per panicle decreased significantly.(2)Compared with N_(180),the number of tillers,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,and photosynthetic potential and population growth rate of rice at the main stage in the three nitrogen reduction conditions showed a continuous decrease.The leaf area index of rice at heading stage in N_(150) was not significantly decreased as compared with N_(180),but the high-efficiency leaf area ratio increased by 4.58%,the grain-leaf ratio increased,the dry matter accumulation rate from heading to maturity increased by 4.11%,the dry matter transfer rate and conversion rate increased by 13.82%and 6.89%,respectively,which resulted in a higher yield in N_(150).Therefore,the appropriate nitrogen reduction for hybrid indica rice could improve the group photosynthetic structure,

关 键 词：减氮 杂交籼稻 产量 光合特性 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]