施氮水平对抚仙湖流域植烟区烤烟产质量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application level on yield,quality,nitrogen absorption and utilization of flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco-planting area of Fuxian Lake

作　　者：杜彩艳[1] 吴迪[1] 周文兵 黄智华 杜小引 苏玉龙 李家瑞[1] 何玉华[3] 陈华[1] 杨新 代快 李江舟 DU Cai-yan;WU Di;ZHOU Wen-bing;HUANG Zhi-hua;DU Xiao-yin;SU Yu-long;LI Jia-rui;HE Yu-hua;CHEN Hua;YANG Xin;DAI Kuai;LI Jiang-zhou(Institute of Agricultural Resources&Environment,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650205;Yunnan Tobacco Company Yuxi Branch,Yuxi Yunnan 653100;Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650205)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司,云南玉溪653100 [3]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第6期197-205,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省烟草公司科技计划重点项目(2020530000241006)。

摘　　要：为明确抚仙湖流域植烟区烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)氮肥的最佳施用量,通过田间试验研究了不同施氮(N)水平(N0:0 kg/hm^(2)、N60:60 kg/hm^(2)、N75:75 kg/hm^(2)、N90:90 kg/hm^(2)、N105:105 kg/hm^(2))对抚仙湖流域植烟区烤烟生长发育、烤烟氮素吸收利用、产质量和氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,施氮可明显提高烤烟根、茎、叶和烟株的氮累积量,烟株的氮累积量随施氮水平的提高而增加;氮肥利用率表现为先升后降趋势,以N75处理的氮肥利用率最高,为26.95%;氮肥偏生产力随着施氮水平的提高而显著下降(P<0.05);烤烟株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、节距和有效叶片数随施氮水平的增加明显增加;施氮可以促进烤烟生长发育,烤烟产量随施氮水平的提高而增加,施氮处理较N0处理增产3.02%~13.87%;上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、产值和均价随施氮水平的提高呈先升后降趋势,施氮各处理中,烤烟的上等烟比例和上中等烟比例、产值均以施氮量为75 kg/hm^(2)时效果最佳。施氮量在75~105 kg/hm^(2)之间烤烟的各化学成分含量、比例协调,利于生产优质烟叶。综合烤烟主要农艺性状、经济性状、氮肥利用率、烤烟产质量,本试验条件下,在抚仙湖流域植烟区要实现烤烟适产优质以N75处理施氮量(75 kg/hm^(2))为宜。In order to determine the best application level of nitrogen fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)in the tobacco-planting area of Fuxian Lake,a field experiment was implemented to study the effects of different nitrogen levels(N0:0 kg/hm^(2),N60:60 kg/hm^(2),N75:75 kg/hm^(2),N90:90 kg/hm^(2),N105:105 kg/hm^(2))on the growth and development,nitrogen absorption and utilization,yield and quality and nitrogen use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco-planting area of Fuxian Lake.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation of flue-cured tobacco roots,stems,leaves and tobacco plants,and the nitrogen accumulation of flue-cured tobacco increased with the increase of nitrogen application level.The nitrogen use efficiency of N75 treatment was the highest,which was 26.95%.Nitrogen partial productivity decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application level(P<0.05).The plant height,stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width,pitch and the number of effective leaves of tobacco increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application level.Nitrogen application promoted the plant growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,and the yield of tobacco increased with the increase of nitrogen application level.Compared with N0 treatment,the yield of tobacco was increased by 3.02%~13.87%.With the increase of nitrogen application levels,the proportion of top and middle quality of flue-cured tobacco,output value and average price was increased initially and then decreased.Among the nitrogen application levels,the effect of treatment 75 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application was the best for the proportion of top quality and the proportion of upper middle quality of flue-cured tobacco and the output value of fluecured tobacco.The content and proportion of chemical components of tobacco with nitrogen application levels between 75~105 kg/hm^(2) were coordinated,which was beneficial to the production of high-quality tobacco leaves.Considering the main agr

关 键 词：氮水平 烤烟产质量 氮素累积 氮肥利用率 抚仙湖流域 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]