微生物菌对集沟小麦秸秆温室气体的固碳减排影响  

Effect of microbial bacteria on carbon sequestration and emission reduction of greenhouse gas from wheat straw

作　　者：方志超 吴明亮[1,2] 杨安明 胡婷 FANG Zhi-chao;WU Ming-liang;YANG An-ming;HU Ting(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha Hunan 410128;Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment,Changsha Hunan 410128)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南现代农业装备工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第6期247-254,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(18C0141);湖南农业大学科学基金项目(18QN05)。

摘　　要：针对农田生态系统中秸秆直接还田导致温室气体(CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O)增加的问题,在稻麦轮作、秸秆集沟还田模式下,利用外加微生物秸秆腐解菌的催腐特性在分解秸秆的同时会显著地改变秸秆的C/N及微生物生命活动的特点,考察该措施对秸秆还田固碳减排的效果。主要试验处理设置为液体菌剂作用下的秸秆集沟还田(LM+ST)、粉末菌剂作用下的秸秆集沟还田(PM+ST)、无菌剂下的秸秆集沟还田(CK+ST)。试验结果表明:LM+ST和PM+ST能在一定程度上降低温室气体的排放,但不同的秸秆及不同类型的温室气体间存在一定的差异。与稻季麦秸秆直接还田处理CK+ST相比,处理LM+ST、PM+ST的CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O平均排放通量分别要低31.7%、36.9%、39.2%和12.0%、20.6%、29.2%;试验结果可为免耕模式下秸秆集沟还田的固碳减排研究提供参考。Aiming at the problem that the direct return of straw to the field in the farmland ecosystem leads to the increase of greenhouse gases(CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O),under the mode of rice-wheat rotation and straw returning to field,the additional microbial straw decomposition characteristics of the decay bacteria in the consumption and decomposition of straw was considered,which could significantly change the C/N of straw and the life activity of the microorganism of the farmland and the characteristics of the nitration reaction,and the effect of this measure on the carbon sequestration and emission reduction was investigated.Three treatments were set up,including straw returning with liquid microbial agent(LM+ST),straw returning with powder microbial agent(PM+ST)and straw returning without microbial agent(CK+ST).The experimental results showed that LM+ST and PM+ST reduced greenhouse gas emissions to a certain extent,but in the rice and wheat season,there were great differences between different types of gas.Compared with CK+ST,the CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O average emissions of LM+ST and PM+ST treatments were lower by 31.7%,36.9%,39.2%and 12.0%,20.6%,29.2%,respectively.This study can provide reference for the study of solid carbon emission reduction of straw mulch in no tillage mode.

关 键 词：固碳减排 秸秆还田 集沟处理 微生物秸秆腐解菌 稻麦轮作 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]