基于城市固废堆肥的尾矿库表土植物修复研究  

Study of phytoremediation on the topsoil in a mine tailing by using municipal solid waste compost

作　　者：曲贵伟[1] 宋宇[1] QU Gui-wei;SONG Yu(Municipal Construction College,Eastern Liaoning University,Dandong Liaoning 118003)

机构地区：[1]辽东学院城市建设学院,辽宁丹东118003

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第6期282-291,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：葡萄牙科学基金会博士奖学金(SFRH/BD/21430/2005)。

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验的方法研究了城市固废堆肥(MSWC)结合外来植株果园草[Dactylis glomerata L.(D.glomerata)]和本地植株西班牙欧石楠[Erica australis L.(E.australis)]对葡萄牙S.Domingos矿区尾矿库表土植被恢复和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,MSWC处理表土的pH和水溶性矿物质(P、As、Fe、K、Ca、Mg和Na)的含量均显著增加;D.glomerata和E.australis的生长也得到明显改善,生物量分别增加了0.69~0.91和7.75~8.83倍,其中15 g/kg MSWC对E.australis的增幅最显著;同时也显著提高了所有供试土壤酶的活性。两种不同植株的生长对供试土壤酶活性产生了不同影响,D.glomerata对MSWC处理的土壤脱氢酶、葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性的改善更为突出,比E.australis生长的土壤分别增加了176.08%~379.16%、186.53%~294.23%、195.27%~204.76%和395.64%~552.04%;E.australis则对蛋白酶活性有明显的促进作用,却抑制了土壤脱氢酶、葡萄糖苷酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性,这可能与该植株根系分泌的酚类化合物对土壤酶的抑制作用有关。综上所述,MSWC改善了尾矿库表土的化学性质,能够促进植株生长并改善土壤酶活性,同时对土壤重金属的活性影响很小,因此可作为安全的修复剂用于该尾矿库表土的植被恢复。D.glomerata生长需要化学肥料的持续供应,作为修复植株成本较高。而E.australis对养分需求较低,更能适应尾矿库恶劣的环境条件,成本较低,因此在该尾矿库表土修复上比D.glomerata更具优势。A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of using municipal solid waste compost(MSWC)together with non-native plant Dactylis glomerata L.(D.glomerata)and native plant Erica australis L.(E.australis)on vegetation restoration and soil enzymatic activities of the topsoil of S.Domingos’mine tailing in Portugal.The results showed that as compared to the soils without MSWC,using MSWC not only significantly increased soil pH and the concentration of watersoluble minerals(P,As,Fe,K,Ca,Mg,Na),but also the growth of D.glomerata and E.australis were stimulated apparently by 0.69~0.91 and 7.75~8.83 times higher than that of without MSWC,and the increased rate of E.australis was highest with the amount of 15 g/kg of MSWC.Meanwhile,enzymatic activities of all tested soil were enhanced greatly by using MSWC.Two kinds of plant species showed different effects on the soil enzymatic activities.As compared to the soil with E.australis,the presence of D.glomerata in the amended soils with MSWC led to the greatest activities of soil dehydrogenase,β-glucosidase,acid phosphatase and cellulase with the increases of 176.08%~379.16%,186.53%~294.23%,195.27%~204.76%and 395.64%~552.04%,respectively.Although the growth of E.australis increased the activities of protease significantly compared to the soil without plant,the activities of dehydrogenase,β-glucosidase,acid phosphatase were restrained.This negative impact might be attributed to the root exudates such as phenolic compounds.In conclusion,MSWC should be a good material to restore the vegetation cover for the topsoil in this mine tailing due to its significant improvement in soil chemical parameters,plant growth and soil enzymatic activities and little effect on the availability of heavy metals in the topsoil.D.glomerata could maintain permanent grassland but needed a regular input of mineral fertilizers and thus caused higher cost.In spite of slow growing and lower biomass,and as a kind of plant grown with little nutrients requirement,which was more suitable for the h

关 键 词：尾矿库表土 城市固废堆肥 Dactylis glomerate Erica australis 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X705[农业科学—农业基础科学]