相邻噪音侵害的司法实践不足及完善——以容忍义务为视角  

Deficiency and Perfection of Judicial Practice of Neighboring Noise Infringement——From the Perspective of Tolerance Obligation

作　　者：郑雨欣 ZHENG Yu-xin(School of Law,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《兰州文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期120-124,共5页Journal of Lanzhou University of Arts and Science(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：四川大学法学院2020年研究生科研创新项目“相邻关系容忍义务制度研究——以不可量物侵害为视角”(sculaw20200134)。

摘　　要：噪音作为不可量物,是引发相邻关系纠纷的重要原因,容忍义务则是邻人是否能对噪音侵害提出异议的核心规则。在《物权法》以及《民法典》都未明确规定容忍义务规则的前提下,考察相邻噪音侵害的司法实践现状并分析既存问题,对优化此类案件的法律适用大有裨益。通过选取并分析164份裁判文书,发现法院的裁判思路不统一,对国家规定的认识不同,且存在合规免责以及混淆不可量物侵害与环境侵权的问题。有鉴于此,应软化《民法典》第294条中的“国家规定”、厘清国家规定的范围并完善环境保护标准,发挥公平合理原则、绿色原则的作用,根据侵害主体、损害结果、影响范围等区分不可量物侵害和环境侵权。Noise,as an imponderable substance,is an important cause of conflicts and disputes in neighboring relationships,and the duty of tolerance is the core rule of whether neighbors can raise objections to noise infringements.Under the premise that neither the Property Law nor the Civil Code clearly stipulates the duty of tolerance,examining the current judicial practice of adjacent noise infringements and analyzing existing problems are of great benefit to improving the application of laws in such cases.Through the selection and analysis of 164 judgment documents,it is found that the court's judgment thinking is not unified,the understanding of national regulations is different,and there are problems of compliance exemption and confusion of infringement of imponderable substances and environmental infringement.In view of this,the national regulations in Article 294 of the Civil Code should be softened,the scope of national regulations should be clarified,and environmental protection standards should be improved.The principle of fairness and rationality and the principle of green should be brought into play,and non-quantifiable infringement and environmental infringement should be distinguished according to the subject of infringement,the result of damage and the scope of influence.

关 键 词：噪音侵害 不可量物 容忍义务 相邻关系 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]