液动冲击器旋冲钻井技术现状及发展趋势  

Present situation and development trend of rotary percussion drilling technology with hydraulic impactor

作　　者：宋泓钢 SONG Honggang(SINOPEC Supervision Center of Northwest Oilfield Company,Luntai Xinjiang 841600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化西北油田分公司监督中心,新疆轮台841600

出　　处：《石油化工应用》2021年第12期1-7,12,共8页Petrochemical Industry Application

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“复杂地层钻井提速提效关键工具与装备”,项目编号:2016ZX05021-003。

摘　　要：随着我国油气勘探开发向纵深发展,油气埋藏超深,岩层古老坚硬,地层温压超高等复杂地质特征愈发明显。对石油钻井工程大幅度提高钻井速度,有效降低钻井成本的需求十分迫切。常规单一的靠研发新型钻头,优化钻井参数已不能完全满足钻井提速的要求,采用“新型的高效破岩钻头+协同破岩工具+强化钻井参数”复合钻井提速技术是钻井提速的发展方向。液动冲击器旋冲钻井技术是解决硬地层机械钻速低的有效技术手段之一,该技术用于使用液体(泥浆或清水)作为循环介质钻井提速应用。液动冲击器在钻具组合中通常置于钻头上部,在钻进过程中,当钻井液流经该提速工具时,通过能量转化,将流体的液力能转化为机械能,产生轴向或径向冲击,该冲击动载作用于井底钻头上,可改进钻头的破岩状态,辅助钻头高效破岩,提高钻井机械钻速。该技术已在油气钻井广泛应用。针对高硬度强研磨性地层,研发大功率液动冲击器及配套技术,同时研制大功率液动冲击器配套钻头,可成倍提高钻井机械钻速,延长钻头单次进尺,缩短钻井周期,降低钻井综合成本。With the super deep development of oil and gas exploration and development in China,the complex geological characteristics of oil and gas are becoming more and more obvious,such as ultra-deep burial of oil and gas,ancient and hard rock stratum,ultra-high temperature and pressure of stratum.It is urgent to improve the drilling speed and reduce the drilling cost effectively.Conventional single research and development of new bits and optimization of drilling parameters can no longer fully meet the requirements of drilling speed.The compound drilling speed increasing technology of"new high-efficiency rock breaking bit+cooperative rock breaking tool+enhanced drilling parameters"is the development direction.Rotary percussion drilling technology with hydraulic impactor is one of the effective technical means to solve the low ROP in hard formation.This technology is used to speed up drilling with liquid(mud or clean water)as circulating medium.The hydraulic impactor is usually placed on the upper part of the bit in the BHA.In the drilling process,when the drilling fluid flows through the speed increasing tool,the hydraulic energy of the fluid is converted into mechanical energy through energy conversion to produce axial or radial impact.The impact dynamic load acts on the bottom hole bit,which can improve the rock breaking state of the bit,assisting the bit to break rock efficiently and improve the penetration rate of drilling machinery.This technology has been widely used in oil and gas drilling.For high hardness and strong abrasive formation,the research and development of high-power hydraulic impactor and supporting technology,as well as the development of high-power hydraulic impactor supporting bit,can double the drilling speed,prolong the single footage of the bit,shorten the drilling cycle and reduce the comprehensive drilling cost.

关 键 词：液动冲击器 旋冲钻井 提速 大功率 

分 类 号：TE242.7[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]