延河流域水生生物资源调查与多样性分析  

Investigation and Diversity Analysis of Aquatic Biological Resources in Yanhe River

作　　者：王鹤 朱龙 轩晓博 薛雪 张国[1] 王在照[1] WANG He;ZHU Long;XUAN Xiaobo;XUE Xue;ZHANG Guo;WANG Zaizhao(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Water Ecology and Landscape Art Design,Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou,Henan 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,水生态与景观艺术设计院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2022年第1期36-42,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：延安市延河水生生物现状调查与影响评价(1906)。

摘　　要：为了解延河流域生境现状,为黄河支流水域生态研究提供理论依据,对延河水域水质指标、浮游生物和鱼类资源进行分析。结果表明:延河流域水质整体符合Ⅲ-Ⅳ类水质标准,水体呈现富营养化状态。流域内共检出浮游植物7门,61种,其中硅藻门21种占比最高,占流域内浮游植物总数的34.43%;浮游动物4门,41种,其中轮虫动物门22种占比最高;流域内共采集到鱼类209尾,隶属于1目2科6属,从鱼类种类比例上看,鳅科种类最多,共5种,占延河流域鱼类种数的62.50%。鲤科鱼类3种,占鱼类种数的37.5%,流域内鱼类呈现小型化趋势。相对重要度指数划分结果表明泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅为延河流域优势种鱼类,东方高原鳅、棒花和棒花鮈为常见种。延河流域鱼类多样性较为匮乏,各采样点丰富度指数较低。经本次调查,延河流域水质存在一定污染,渔业资源,鱼类种类较少。To understand the habitat status of the Yanhe River Basin and to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological research of the Yellow River tributaries, the water quality, composition of plankton and fish resources in Yanhe River were evaluated in May 2019.Results show that the water quality in Yanhe River was between Ⅲ and Ⅳ-level, which was eutrophicated. A total of 61 species of phytoplankton belonging to 7 phyla were collected. The bacillariophyta exhibited the highest species diversity with 21 species, accounting for 31.43% of the total species. Besides, 41 species of zooplankton belonging to 4 phyla were found. The rotifera displayed the highest species diversity with 22 species. A total of 209 fishes belonging to 1 order, 2 families and 6 genera were collected. The cobitidae exhibited the highest species diversity with 5 species in terms of species proportion, accounting for 62.50% of the total. There were 3 species in cyprinidae, occupying 37.5%. The fishes in Yanhe River showed a trend of miniaturization with their individual size. On the basis of the results of relative importance index(IRI), the Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor and Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage were the dominant species, while the Triplophysa orientalis, Abbottina rivularis(Basilewsky), Gobio rivuloides Nicholsr and barbier were the ubiquitous species in Yanhe River. The diversity of fish resources in Yanhe River was low, so was the richness index in sampling points. The investigation proved that the water in Yanhe River is polluted to some extent, with fewer fishery resources and fish species.

关 键 词：延河 水生生物 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]