粗陶民窑与近代华北乡村手工业的变迁——以鲁中福山村的窑业发展史为例  

Rough Pottery Folk Kilns and the Transformation of Rural Handicrafts in Modern North China

作　　者：张宗帅 张家森 ZHANG Zongshuai;ZHANG Jiasen

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014 [2]淄博市档案馆,山东淄博255200

出　　处：《郑州航空工业管理学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期43-52,共10页Journal of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程重大专题项目(2017YCXZD010)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：福山村是鲁中山区的传统手工业聚落,其窑业生产兴于明末清初,盛于民国20年代,挫折于日伪统治时期,解放后,经过社会主义改造、改革开放,福山窑业实现了由粗陶变细陶、由陶器变瓷器的历史转变。福山窑业的近代变迁,一方面揭示出乡村手工业的发展需要有利的内外部条件:丰富的陶土原料、煤炭燃料和水资源;便利的铁路交通;生产工艺的革新和改进;良好的国际国内市场环境;国家政策的扶持引导,尤其是中华人民共和国成立后对手工业进行改造,对福山窑业的发展产生了重要而积极的影响。另一方面也揭示了近代以来华北地区的乡村手工业由于基础薄弱、资本不足和技艺创新不足,更容易受到外部市场环境和国家政策的影响,面临着市场环境变化、技术更新等挑战,需要不断进行调节适应。The production of ceramics in Fushan village emerged in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,flourished in the 1920s in the Republic of China,suffered a setback during the Japanese,and after liberation,through socialist transformation,reform and opening up,the Fushan kiln industry achieved new development,and its products underwent a historical transformation from coarse pottery to fine pottery and from earthenware to porcelain.The modern development of the Fushan ceramic handicraft industry reveals,on the one hand,the need for favourable conditions for the emergence and development of the rural handicraft industry:abundant raw materials of clay,coal fuel and water;convenient railway transportation;innovation of the production process;a favourable international and domestic market environment;and the support of national policies.On the other hand,it also reveals that the ceramic handicraft industry in the rural areas of north China has been more vulnerable to the external market environment,national policies and faced challenges such as the depletion of resources,changes in the market environment and technological renewal,due to its weak foundation and backward technology.

关 键 词：乡村手工业 粗陶杂器 民窑 山东博山福山村 

分 类 号：F426.7[经济管理—产业经济]