考虑从众阈值和主体特征的人群疏散元胞自动机模型  

Cellular automata model for crowd evacuation considering herding threshold and agent characteristics

作　　者：刘以雪 毛占利 廖明煜 LIU Yixue;MAO Zhanli;LIAO Mingyu(China People’s Police University,Langfang Hebei 065000,China;Beijing Haidian District Fire Rescue Detachment,Beijing 100091,China;Guangdong Provincial Academy of Building Research GROUP Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou Guangdong 510500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民警察大学,河北廊坊065000 [2]北京市海淀区消防救援支队,北京100091 [3]广东省建筑科学研究院集团股份有限公司,广东广州510500

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2021年第12期156-161,共6页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51508571);河北省自然科学基金项目(G2021507001);中国人民警察大学科研项目(BSKY2019003,2019sycxpd006)。

摘　　要：为研究从众行为对人群疏散效率的影响,建立考虑从众阈值和主体特征的人群疏散元胞自动机模型,通过引入从众阈值反映人群中不同个体的从众选择程度,耦合每个主体不同特征属性、不同人员认知能力导致的疏散从众选择差异,利用元胞自动机模拟人群运动状态及动态演化过程,探究从众行为对人群疏散过程的作用规律。结果表明:人群疏散中选择从众行为的人员比例与整体疏散效率存在对应关系,本模型原始工况下,当人群中约60%的人员做出从众选择时,疏散效率相对最优。In order to study the influence of herding behavior on the crowd evacuation efficiency,a cellular automata model of crowd evacuation considering the herding threshold and agent characteristics was established.The concept of herding threshold was introduced to this model to represent the herding choice degree of different individuals in the crowd.Different characteristic attributes of each agent and different evacuation herding choice due to the cognitive ability of personnel were coupled,then the crowd movement status and dynamic evolution process were simulated by using the cellular automata,and the action laws of herding behavior on the crowd evacuation process were explored.The results showed that there was a corresponding relationship between the proportion of personnel choosing the herding behavior in crowd evacuation and the overall evacuation efficiency.When about 60%personnel of the crowd made the herding choice,the evacuation efficiency was relatively optimal.

关 键 词：人群疏散 人群行为 从众行为 从众阈值 元胞自动机 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]