根瘤菌介入大豆大垄栽培施肥模型与经济效益分析  

Analysis of Rhizobia Fertilization Model and Economic Benefit in Soybean Longbed Cultivation

作　　者：马力[1] 吴俊江[1] 王金生[1] 蒲国锋[1] 刘庆莉 Ma Li;Wu Junjiang;Wang Jinsheng;Pu Guofeng;Liu Qingli(Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所/农业农村部大豆栽培重点实验室/黑龙江省大豆栽培重点实验室,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《大豆科技》2021年第6期6-14,共9页Soybean Science & Technology

基　　金：黑龙江省博士后科研启动金资助(LBH-Q18135);黑龙江省农科院院级科研项目专项资金(2019YYYF036)。

摘　　要：实现大豆高产高效优化栽培的重要前提是合理配比施肥,根瘤菌介入栽培技术可以促进生育进程和产量提高,大豆中结合二者的效果阐述还较少。文中试图探讨根瘤菌介入条件下的大垄栽培大豆的施肥模型并作技术分析,为大豆高产高效栽培及经济合理施肥提供科学依据。采用大垄栽培模式,利用DPS系统进行数据分析,建立回归方程获得最优施肥方式,然后利用拟合度检验并确立模型。结果表明,研究数据能够建立因变量(施肥)与自变量(产量)的三元二次方程。在氮肥为2.5元/kg,磷酸二铵4.2元/kg,硫酸钾4.8元/kg,大豆3.6元/kg的条件下各个因素组合最佳施肥量为:氮肥104.15 kg/hm^(2),磷酸二铵125.85 kg/hm^(2),硫酸钾75.36 kg/hm^(2),可得效益7 560.78元/hm^(2)。利用数据得到的单因素效应方程结果表明氮肥的增产效应>钾肥的增产效应>磷肥的增产效应,施肥量与生产量两个因素呈现出报酬递减关系。减产率由高到低的因素是氮肥、钾肥和磷肥。利用构建的双因子互作素效应方程可知:(1) NP互作效应的最佳施肥量为氮肥103.87 kg/hm^(2),磷酸二铵328.00 kg/hm^(2),效益为9 092.74元/hm^(2)。(2) NK互作效应的最佳施肥量为氮肥143.00 kg/hm^(2),硫酸钾0 kg/hm^(2),效益为8 427.12元/hm^(2)。(3)PK互作效应的最佳施肥量为氮肥0 kg/hm^(2),硫酸钾0 kg/hm^(2),效益为8 140.33元/hm^(2)。NP交互作用增产效应最强,NK的交互作用最弱,PK的交互作用居中。The important premise of realizing high yield and high efficiency optimal cultivation of soybean is reasonable fertilization. Rhizobium intervention cultivation technology can promote the growth process and yield. The effect of combining the two in soybean is less described. This paper attempts to explore the fertilization model and technical analysis of soybean in large ridge cultivation under the intervention of Rhizobium, so as to provide a scientific basis for high-yield and efficient cultivation and economic and reasonable fertilization of soybean. In this study, the large ridge cultivation model was adopted, the data were analyzed by DPS system, the regression equation was established to obtain the optimal fertilization method, and then the fitting test was used to establish the model. The results showed that the data of this study can establish the ternary quadratic equation of dependent variable(fertilization) and independent variable(yield). Under the conditions of nitrogen fertilizer of 2.5 yuan/kg,diammonium phosphate of 4.2 yuan/kg, potassium sulfate of 4.8 yuan/kg and soybean of 3.6 yuan/kg, the optimum fertilization amount of each factor combination is: nitrogen fertilizer of 104.15 kg/ha,diammonium phosphate of 125.85 kg/ha and potassium sulfate of 75.36 kg/ha, and the benefit is7 560.78 yuan/ha. The results of the single factor effect equation obtained from the data showed that the yield increasing effect of nitrogen fertilizer>potassium fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer, and the two factors of fertilization and production show a decreasing relationship of return. The factors that reduce the yield from high to low are nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. Using the constructed two factor interaction element effect equation:(1) the optimal fertilization amount of NP interaction effect is 103.87 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer, 328.00 kg/ha diammonium phosphate, and the benefit is 9 092.74 yuan/ha.(2) The optimum fertilization rate of NK interaction effect is 143.00 kg/ha of

关 键 词：根瘤菌 接种 大豆 施肥 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]