“他者之石”——17—18世纪欧洲视域下中国古塔的重构  

"The Stone of the Other":The Reconstruction of the Chinese Ancient Pagoda in the European View of the 17th to 18th Century

作　　者：李大卫 刘畅[1] Li Dawei;Liu Chang

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《建筑与文化》2022年第1期178-180,共3页Architecture & Culture

摘　　要：塔作为佛教在中原完成本土化转变的建筑体现,同时也是我国古建筑中罕见的多层建筑形式。17世纪尼霍夫的画作和游记使得南京大报恩寺塔的形象在欧洲广为流传,"瓷塔"成为欧洲人心中中国建筑的符号象征。这种象征作为西方世界对于中国建筑的刻板印象,最终在威廉·钱伯斯为邱园营建的邱塔这一建筑上得到了集中体现。文章通过比较邱塔和传统中国宝塔建筑材料、营建技术、思想意涵的不同,分析17—18世纪,即西方对于中国古建筑有初步认知与了解的时期,欧洲的建筑评论中如何以"自我-他者"的视角凝视以宝塔为代表的中国建筑。揭示了欧洲在"中国风"的建筑实践中,"主体"通过对于"他者"进行式的褫夺、改写,完成对于"塔"文化符号的意义重构。Pagoda,an architectural embodiment of Buddhism’s localization in China,is also a rare form of multistorey architecture in ancient Chinese architecture.In the 17 th century,Nehoff’s paintings and travelogues made the image of Jinling Bao’en Temple Pagoda widely circulated in Europe.Then the"porcelain tower"became a symbol of Chinese architecture in the mind of Europeans.The"Pagoda"symbolism,as well as a stereotype of Chinese architecture in the western world,was eventually highlighted in the Kew Pagoda designed by William Chambers for Kew Gardens.By comparing the construction materials,building technology and ideological meanings of Kew Pagoda with traditional Chinese pagodas,this paper analyzes in the 17 th to 18 th century,when the western world has a preliminary understanding of ancient Chinese architecture,how Europeans gazed at Chinese architecture(especially pagoda"from the perspective of"self-others"in the their architectural review.The thesis reveals that in European architectural practice of"Chinoiserie",by taking and rewriting the form of"the other","subject"accomplished the reconstruction of the Chinese cultural symbol"Pagoda".

关 键 词：邱塔 大报恩寺塔 威廉·钱伯斯 中国风 比较研究 

分 类 号：TU252[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]