环渤海区域典型河流下游水体中抗生素赋存状况及风险评估  

Occurrences and risk assessment of antibiotics in water bodies of major rivers in Bohai Rim Basin

作　　者：赵富强 高会[1] 李瑞婧[1] 金帅辰 张海波 李十盛 张克玉 束芹 那广水[1,2,3,4] ZHAO Fu-qiang;GAO Hui;LI Rui-jing;JIN Shuai-chen;ZHANG Hai-bo;LI Shi-sheng;ZHANG Ke-yu;SHU Qin;NA Guang-shui(National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China;College of Marine Technology and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya 572022,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023 [3]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [4]海南热带海洋学院生态环境学院,海南三亚572022

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2022年第1期109-118,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901104);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41976222,42006195);自然资源部海洋大气化学与全球变化重点实验室开放基金(GCMAC2010);环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室开放基金(KF2018-05)。

摘　　要：利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了环渤海区域典型河流下游水体中6类58种抗生素的赋存特征,采用生态风险模型和人类健康风险模型分别评估了抗生素对生态和人体的健康风险.结果显示:环渤海区域4大典型河流(小凌河、滦河、黄河和大辽河)下游水体中有6类50种抗生素被检出,青霉素G浓度水平最高,最高浓度为353.13ng/L.β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类为该区域水体中主要抗生素污染类型.与国内其它河流相比,环渤海区域4大河流下游水体中抗生素浓度处于中等污染水平,与国外河流相比,处于较高的污染水平.抗生素在研究区域水体中的总浓度水平为124.50~489.16ng/L,平均浓度大小排序为:小凌河>大辽河>滦河>黄河.风险评估的结果表明:阿莫西林、脱水红霉素和红霉素对研究区域水体中敏感水生物种呈现出高生态风险,四环素、土霉素、恩若沙星、氧氟沙星和西诺沙星呈现出中等生态风险;目标抗生素对不同年龄阶段人群的健康风险值在2.53×10^(-7)~6.79×10^(-3),远小于1,抗生素的污染对环渤海区域人群构不成健康威胁.This study was conducted to characterize the occurrences and accumulation of antibiotics in surface water of each river’s downstream in Bohai Rim Basin and to evaluate their ecological risk and human health risk.The results indicate that 50 antibiotics falling into 6 categories were detected in the lower reaches of four major rivers(Xiaoling,Luanhe,Yellow River and Daliao)in Bohai Rim Basin.Off all kinds of antibiotics,β-Ls,MLs and QNs were dominant in those waterbodies of the basin,of which the concentration of Penicillin G was the highest,up to 353.13ng/L.Compared with other rivers in China,The concentration of antibiotics ranged from 124.50ng/L to 489.16ng/L whose average concentration over the study area was rated at a moderate pollution level,but higher than that in other rivers of China.The accumulation level of different rivers was rated in the order as:Xiaoling River>Daliao River>Luanhe River>Yellow River.In addition,amoxicillin,anhydroerythromycin and erythromycin presented higher ecological risk to sensitive aquatic species than did tetracycline,oxytetracycline,enrofloxacin,ofloxacin and cinoxacin which were evaluated at a moderate ecological risk.According to the threshold of the human health risk value of target antibiotics(2.53×10^(-7)~6.79×10^(-3)),the pollution level of the antibiotics in the Bohai Rim Basin did not become a health threat to people yet.

关 键 词：环渤海区域 水体 抗生素 风险评估 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826