宽幅播种对强筋小麦籽粒产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of wide range sowing on grain yield,quality,and nitrogen use of strong gluten wheat

作　　者：刘运景 郑飞娜 张秀 初金鹏 于海涛 代兴龙[1] 贺明荣[1] LIU Yun-Jing;ZHENG Fei-Na;ZHANG Xiu;CHU Jin-Peng;YU Hai-Tao;DAI Xing-Long;HE Ming-Rong(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Weifang 261061,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]潍坊市农业科学研究院,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第3期716-725,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300403);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31801298);山东农业大学“双一流”科技创新团队项目(SYL2017YSTD05)资助。

摘　　要：宽幅播种与适宜种植密度合理组配能够提高小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率。然而,在协同改善产量和氮素利用率的同时,宽幅播种对籽粒品质有何影响未见报道。本研究于2018—2019和2019—2020连续2个生长季,选用藁优5766、济麦44、泰山27、洲元9369等4个强筋小麦品种,设置宽幅播种和常规条播2种播种方式,研究了宽幅播种对强筋小麦籽粒产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,宽幅播种条件下,主要得益于单位面积穗数的增加,4个强筋小麦品种的单位面积粒数平均增加13.16%,籽粒产量相应提高13.39%。与此同时,宽幅播种强化了整个生育期特别是花后氮素的吸收,整个生育期小麦植株氮素积累量平均增幅为10.29%,花后氮素吸收量平均增幅为36.83%,进而提高了氮素吸收效率和氮素利用率,平均增幅分别为12.73%、13.39%。整个生育期特别是花后氮素吸收的增加,保障了籽粒氮素供应,提高了单位面积籽粒氮积累量,且其提高幅度(平均增幅为13.38%)与单位面积粒数(平均增幅为13.16%)和籽粒产量(平均增幅为13.39%)的提高幅度相近,籽粒单粒含氮量和蛋白质含量得以保持不变,籽粒蛋白质构成和籽粒品质保持稳定。综上所述,宽幅播种在提高强筋小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率的同时,能够通过优化产量形成过程与氮素吸收转运过程的耦合匹配,保持良好的籽粒品质。It is well known that wide range sowing can simultaneously improve grain yield(GY)and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,the effects of wide range sowing on grain quality have not been investigated while GY and NUE increased.In the present study,four winter wheat cultivars(Gaoyou 5766,Jimai 44,Taishan 27,and Zhouyuan 9369)were used as experimen-tal materials and two sowing patterns(the wide range sowing and conventional drilling sowing)were designed during 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 growing seasons.Also,we investigated the effects of wide range sowing on GY,NUE,and grain quality.Under wide range sowing,grain number on unit land area were increased by an average of 13.16%across cultivars and growth seasons mainly due to the increase of spike number on unit land area,and in turn GY increased by an average of 13.39%.Meanwhile,nitrogen(N)uptake during whole growth season especially at post-anthesis stage were enhanced.The N accumulation during whole growth season increased by an average of 10.29%while that increased by an average of 36.83%at post-anthesis stage.Consequently,N uptake efficiency and NUE increased by 12.73%and 13.39%,respectively.Enhanced N uptake resulted in a sufficient N supply for grain and a significant increase in grain N accumulation on unit land area.A similar increase magnitude was observed between grain N accumulation(on average 13.38%),grain number(13.16%),and GY(13.39%).As a result,total quantity of N per grain and grain protein concentration remained unchanged,which led to a stable grain protein composition and grain quality.Conclusively,wide range sowing can maintain good grain quality with increased GY and NUE by optimizing cou-pling of GY formation process with the process of N uptake and translocation.

关 键 词：宽幅播种 强筋小麦 产量 品质 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]