东北主推玉米品种种子形态及贮藏物质与萌发期耐冷性的关系  

Relationship between seed morphology,storage substance and chilling toler-ance during germination of dominant maize hybrids in Northeast China

作　　者：宋仕勤 杨清龙 王丹[1,2] 吕艳杰[2] 徐文华[2] 魏雯雯 刘小丹[2] 姚凡云[2] 曹玉军[2] 王永军[1,2] 王立春 SONG Shi-Qin;YANG Qing-Long;WANG Dan;LYU Yan-Jie;XU Wen-Hua;WEI Wen-Wen;LIU Xiao-Dan;YAO Fan-Yun;CAO Yu-Jun;WANG Yong-Jun;WANG Li-Chun(Agronomy College,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize,Changchun 130033,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/玉米国家工程实验室,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第3期726-738,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2017JQ006);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300303);国家自然科学基金项目(31701349)资助。

摘　　要：种子萌发是作物形态建成的起始阶段,由其自身属性和环境因素共同决定。低温是影响种子萌发的重要因素之一,探讨低温环境下种子自身属性与其萌发的关系对东北春播玉米生产具有重要意义。本研究选用东北主推的36个玉米品种以6℃为低温胁迫,15℃适温为对照,测定了其发芽势、发芽率、种子形态和内含物等指标。通过主成分分析、耐冷性综合评价值(CL值)、隶属函数值(R值),对36个玉米品种进行耐冷性评价,分析了种子形态(粒长、粒宽、粒厚度、长宽比、百粒体积和百粒重)、贮藏物质(淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪)与其耐冷性的关系。结果表明,在低温胁迫下,36个玉米品种的发芽势和发芽率均受到不同程度的抑制,相对发芽势冷害率和相对发芽冷害率的变异最大。7个表征耐冷性的单项指标之间显著相关,主成分分析可将7个单项指标转化为2个独立的综合指标,其中相对发芽势和相对发芽率的正向贡献率最大,可作为玉米品种耐冷性评价的关键指标。聚类分析将36个品种划为强耐冷型(19.4%)、耐冷型(30.6%)、一般型(33.3%)和敏感型(16.7%)4种类型,其中,吉单56、垦吉267、绥玉23、吉单953、垦吉268、吉单96和吉单95为强耐冷型品种。不同耐冷型品种的种子形态和贮藏物质含量存在明显差异,相关分析显示种子形态与其耐冷性无显著相关,淀粉含量与相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽势冷害率、相对发芽冷害率和相对发芽时间呈极显著相关(r=0.396^(**)、r=0.404^(**)、r=–0.401^(**)、r=–0.391^(**)、r=0.362^(**)),蛋白质含量与相对发芽势呈极显著负相关(r=–0.379^(**))。经回归分析发现,淀粉含量高的类型具有较高的相对发芽势、相对发芽率和相对发芽时间,以及较低的相对发芽势和相对发芽率冷害率。利用回归模型估测,当种子淀粉含量72.0%~74.0%,6°C处理后相对发芽势≥70.0%,相对�Seed germination is the initial stage of crop morphology, which is determined by its own properties and environmental factors. Low temperature is one of the most important factors affecting seed germination. It is crucial to explore the relationship between seed properties and germination under low temperature environmental conditions for maize production in Northeast China. In the present study, 36 maize hybrids released in Northeast China were selected and the germination culture experiment was conducted under 6℃(low temperature stress) and 15℃(the control). The seedling vigor, seed germination rate, seed morphology and storage substances content were determined. The germination potential and germination rate of 36 maize hybrids were evaluated by the principal component analysis(PCA), the comprehensive evaluation value of cold tolerance(CL-value), and the membership function value(R-value). The relationship between the seed morphology(kernel length, kernel width, kernel thickness, kernel length/kernel width ratio, 100-kernel volume, and 100-kernel weight) and the seed storage substances(starch,protein, and fat) of 36 maize varieties were investigated. The results showed that the seedling vigor and germination rate of 36 maize hybrids were inhibited to some content, and the variation of relative seedling vigor cold injury rate and relative germination cold injury rate was the largest under low temperature stress. There was a significant correlation among the seven individual indicators that characterized cold tolerance. Principal component analysis could transform seven individual indicators into two independent comprehensive indicators. Among them, relative seedling vigor and relative germination rate had the largest positive contribution rate, which could be used as the key indicators for cold resistance evaluation at germination stage in maize. We classified 36 hybrids into four types of strong cold tolerance(19.4%), cold tolerance(30.6%), medium cold tolerance(33.3%), and cold sensitive(16.7%) by cluster

关 键 词：玉米 萌发 低温胁迫 种子形态 贮藏物质 东北 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]