今日拙政园景物题名与厅堂布置说明诸问题  

Scenery Names,Hall Furnishings and Signage in the Garden of the Inept Administrator

作　　者：刘润恩 Liu Run'en(Shanghai Art Research Centre,Shanghai 200025)

机构地区：[1]上海艺术研究中心,上海200025

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2021年第4期20-28,共9页Heritage Architecture

摘　　要：20世纪50年代以来,晚清民国拙政园的大部分获得了充分的珍护和妥善的保存,但也存在若干失误,造成了影响及于今日的问题。当1949年苏南区苏州行政区专员公署及1951年苏南区文物管理委员会先后接管奉直会馆及其园林(大致相当于今苏州博物馆忠王府和拙政园中部)时,不少亭阁台榭的匾额已然散失,修复过程中不免要为多处景物补题。然而当时的主事者未能考究史料,恢复旧题,而是出以己意,重新命景。其中不少是随意选用文徵明《拙政园图咏》中的景名,混淆了历史信息,破坏了该园原本自成系统的题名立意。原会馆建筑以"太平天国忠王府"的名义隶属于苏州博物馆。其西路被装扮成太平天国风貌,或有所依据,或出自完全违背历史的臆想;其东路戏厅一带则借着所谓"文藤"的由头,攀附明代王氏拙政园和文徵明,为真遗产注入假古董的气息。Garden of the Inept Administrator(Zhuozhengyuan)in Suzhou,with its appearance in the late Qing Dynasty(late 19 th and early 20 th centuries),has been adequately treasured and carefully preserved since the 1950 s.Yet there have been some failures that influenced its conservation till today.When the local government of Suzhou took over Fengtian Zhili Huiguan(Clubhouse for Elites from Fengtian and Zhili Provinces)and its garden,which are roughly equivalent to today’s Loyal Prince’s Mansion(Zhongwangfu)in Suzhou Museum and the middle part of the present-day Garden of the Inept Administrator,some of the pavilions had lost their plaques.Thus,the restoration process inevitably required the addition of names for sceneries.However,those in charge then failed to examine historical materials to restore the original names,but chose new ones at their own discretion instead.Many of these new appellations were from the Album of Zhuozhengyuan created in the 16 th century by Wen Zhengming(1470–1559,a leading Ming-dynasty painter,calligrapher,and scholar),obscuring the historical information and destroying the original self-contained naming system of the garden.The former Huiguan buildings were attached to Suzhou Museum under the name of Loyal Prince’s Mansion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.The west compound of these buildings is arranged in a supposed Taiping Heavenly Kingdom style,partly out of an utterly unhistorical conceit and partly with some justifiable foundations.The area around the Chinese opera hall at the east side of the complex is deliberately linked to Wen Zhengming and the 16 th-century Garden of the Inept Administrator under the pretext of the so-called‘wisteria planted by Wen’,giving the authentic heritage an air of fake antiquity.

关 键 词：苏州园林 拙政园 苏州博物馆 忠王府 会馆 遗产 古建筑 中国园林 

分 类 号：K028.73[历史地理—历史学] TU-098.4[建筑科学—建筑理论]