景境价值与匠师意义:中国园林遗产保护中假山维修的目标与方法问题初探  

Scenery-Realm Value and the Significance of Master Craftsman:Tentative Discussion on Purposes and Methods of Artificial Rockery Reparation in the Conservation of Chinese Garden Heritage

作　　者：顾凯[1] 钱勃 Gu Kai;Qian Bo(Department of Landscape,School of Architecture,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096;Construction Section,Administrative Office,Beihai Park,Beijing 100009)

机构地区：[1]东南大学建筑学院景观学系,南京210096 [2]北京北海公园管理处基建科,北京100009

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2021年第4期46-52,共7页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：北京市公园管理中心科技课题(zx2021006)。

摘　　要：中国园林遗产保护研究尚在探索阶段,其中假山的保护还少有探讨,但随着相关实践的需求与进展,这方面的理论认知亟待深化。假山的保护维修与一般园林遗产保护有共同性,但也有其独特之处。其共同性在于景境价值作为核心目标、真实性及整体性作为基本原则,以及使用体验作为必要内容,这需要深入的历史理论认知、科学细致的技术性分析等以获得真实性和完整性,并重点关注安全性与功能性的保障问题。其独特性在于假山在技术与艺术上的一体性和实践性,其保护维修无法通过一般设计与施工的分离来达到理想效果,而强烈依赖主持匠师的能力;而且匠师的意义不仅在于技艺本身,还在于对园林从整体到细部的综合性掌握和从构思到实践的全过程把控,这对主持匠师提出极高要求。文章结合部分历史园林假山修复案例和作者所参与的北海琼华岛北坡假山保护研究来加以深入讨论。As a part of Chinese garden heritage conservation,which is still in the exploratory stage,the theory of artificial rockery reparation needs to be further studied as contemporary practices have raised higher requirements.Rockery reparation and conservation share commonalities with general garden heritage conservation while holding its own uniqueness.The commonalities lie in the critical role of scenery-realm value,the essential principles of authenticity and integrity,and the necessity of use experience.Historical understandings and technical analyses are required to gain authenticity and integrity,and problems in safety and function should gain particular focus.The uniqueness of rockery reparation lies in the inseparability of craft and art in practice,which means the ideal conservation and reparation result cannot be achieved through the usual course of divided design and construction,and highly relies on the ability of the presidential master craftsman.Furthermore,the significance of a master craftsman lies not only in the skill but also in the comprehensive understanding from the whole to the details of a garden.The control of the entire process from conception to realisation raises high requirements for the master craftsman.This article tackles the issues of rockery reparation by investigating several cases of historic gardens,especially the research project on artificial rockeries at the north slope of Qionghua Island in Beihai Park in Beijing.

关 键 词：中国园林遗产保护 假山 维修 景境 匠师 

分 类 号：K928.73[历史地理—人文地理学] TU986.3[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]